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Second-order transitive-closure logic, SO(TC), is an expressive declarative language that captures the complexity class PSPACE. Already its monadic fragment, MSO(TC), allows the expression of various NP-hard and even PSPACE-hard problems in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Flavio Ferrarotti , Jan Van den Bussche , Jonni Virtema

We introduce ordinal collapsing principles that are inspired by proof theory but have a set theoretic flavor. These principles are shown to be equivalent to iterated $\Pi^1_1$-comprehension and the existence of admissible sets, over weak…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Anton Freund , Michael Rathjen

A general theme of computable structure theory is to investigate when structures have copies of a given complexity $\Gamma$. We discuss such problem for the case of equivalence structures and preorders. We show that there is a $\Pi^0_1$…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-01-23 Nikolay Bazhenov , Luca San Mauro

We study the expressive power of successor-invariant first-order logic, which is an extension of first-order logic where the usage of an additional successor relation on the structure is allowed, as long as the validity of formulas is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Julien Grange

We introduce a new logic for describing properties of graphs, which we call low rank MSO. This is the fragment of monadic second-order logic in which set quantification is restricted to vertex sets of bounded cutrank. We prove the following…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Michał Pilipczuk , Wojciech Przybyszewski , Marek Sokołowski , Giannos Stamoulis

In the classification of real singularities by Arnold et al. (1985), normal forms, as representatives of equivalence classes under right equivalence, are not always uniquely determined. We describe the complete structure of the equivalence…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-18 Magdaleen S. Marais , Andreas Steenpass

We study first-order logic (FO) over the structure consisting of finite words over some alphabet $A$, together with the (non-contiguous) subword ordering. In terms of decidability of quantifier alternation fragments, this logic is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Pascal Baumann , Moses Ganardi , Ramanathan S. Thinniyam , Georg Zetzsche

We study polynomial optimization problems whose objective has a composition or tensor train structure. These polynomials can be evaluated as a sequence of maps, giving rise to intermediate variables (``states'') of dimension lower than the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Llorenç Balada Gaggioli , Didier Henrion , Milan Korda

Mathematical morphology, a field within image processing, includes various filters that either highlight, modify, or eliminate certain information in images based on an application's needs. Key operations in these filters are dilation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Marvin Kahra , Michael Breuß

We investigate the extent of second order characterizable structures by extending Shelah's Main Gap dichotomy to second order logic. For this end we consider a countable complete first order theory T. We show that all sufficiently large…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-08-28 Tapani Hyttinen , Kaisa Kangas , Jouko Väänänen

In the framework of computable queries in Database Theory, there are many examples of queries to (properties of) relational database instances that can be expressed by simple and elegant third order logic ($\mathrm{TO}$) formulae. In many…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Flavio Ferrarotti , Loredana Tec , José María Turull-Torres

We show that the formalism of "Sum-Over-Path" (SOP), used for symbolically representing linear maps or quantum operators, together with a proper rewrite system, has a structure of dagger-compact PROP. Several consequences arise from this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-13 Renaud Vilmart

We study preservation theorems for modal logics over finite structures with respect to three fundamental semantic relations: embeddings, injective homomorphisms, and homomorphisms. We focus on classes of pointed Kripke models that are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Przemysław Andrzej Wałęga , Bernardo Cuenca Grau

We show that if we enrich first order logic by allowing quantification over isomorphisms between definable ordered fields the resulting logic, L(Q_{Of}), is fully compact. In this logic, we can give standard compactness proofs of various…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Alan H. Mekler , Saharon Shelah

In recent work, comonads and associated structures have been used to analyse a range of important notions in finite model theory, descriptive complexity and combinatorics. We extend this analysis to Hybrid logic, a widely-studied extension…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Samson Abramsky , Dan Marsden

We continue our investigation into hybrid polyadic multi-sorted logic with a focus on expresivity related to the operational and axiomatic semantics of rogramming languages, and relations with first-order logic. We identify a fragment of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Ioana Leuştean , Natalia Moangă , Traian Florin Şerbănuţă

The notion of bounded expansion captures uniform sparsity of graph classes and renders various algorithmic problems that are hard in general tractable. In particular, the model-checking problem for first-order logic is fixed-parameter…

In this paper we further describe the features of the topological space $K(R)$ obtained from the loop nerve of $R$, for $R=(S,T)$ a bi-secondary structure. We will first identify certain distinct combinatorial structures in the arc diagram…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Andrei C. Bura , Qijun He , Christian M. Reidys

The Lambek calculus is a substructural logic known to be closely related to the formal language theory: on the one hand, it is used for generating formal languages by means of categorial grammars and, on the other hand, it has formal…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-22 Tikhon Pshenitsyn

We describe a translation from a fragment of SUMO (SUMO-K) into higher-order set theory. The translation provides a formal semantics for portions of SUMO which are beyond first-order and which have previously only had an informal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Chad Brown , Adam Pease , Josef Urban