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Word embeddings are an essential instrument in many NLP tasks. Most available resources are trained on general language from Web corpora or Wikipedia dumps. However, word embeddings for domain-specific language are rare, in particular for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ricardo Schiffers , Dagmar Kern , Daniel Hienert

This research introduces a novel psychometric method for analyzing textual data using large language models. By leveraging contextual embeddings to create contextual scores, we transform textual data into response data suitable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Jinsong Chen

Adjective phrases like "a little bit surprised", "completely shocked", or "not stunned at all" are not handled properly by currently published state-of-the-art emotion classification and intensity prediction systems which use pre-dominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Laura Bostan , Roman Klinger

In this paper, we introduce the use of Semantic Hashing as embedding for the task of Intent Classification and achieve state-of-the-art performance on three frequently used benchmarks. Intent Classification on a small dataset is a…

Word embeddings are substantially successful in capturing semantic relations among words. However, these lexical semantics are difficult to be interpreted. Definition modeling provides a more intuitive way to evaluate embeddings by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Haitong Zhang , Yongping Du , Jiaxin Sun , Qingxiao Li

Recent work on predicting category structure with distributional models, using either static word embeddings (Heyman and Heyman, 2019) or contextualized language models (CLMs) (Misra et al., 2021), report low correlations with human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Joseph Renner , Pascal Denis , Rémi Gilleron , Angèle Brunellière

This paper addresses the gap between general-purpose text embeddings and the specific demands of item retrieval tasks. We demonstrate the shortcomings of existing models in capturing the nuances necessary for zero-shot performance on item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yuxuan Lei , Jianxun Lian , Jing Yao , Mingqi Wu , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

Word embeddings and convolutional neural networks (CNN) have attracted extensive attention in various classification tasks for Twitter, e.g. sentiment classification. However, the effect of the configuration used to train and generate the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Xiao Yang , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

This paper presents an extension to train end-to-end Context-Aware Transformer Transducer ( CATT ) models by using a simple, yet efficient method of mining hard negative phrases from the latent space of the context encoder. During training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Maurits Bleeker , Pawel Swietojanski , Stefan Braun , Xiaodan Zhuang

As large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on traditional benchmarks, there is an urgent need for more challenging evaluation frameworks that probe deeper aspects of semantic understanding. We introduce SAGE (Semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Samarth Goel , Reagan J. Lee , Kannan Ramchandran

Semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are important for numerous tasks in natural language processing. To obtain such embeddings, recent studies explored the idea of utilizing synthetically generated data from pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Taehee Kim , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Radhika Dua , Edward Choi , Jaegul Choo

Semantic sentence embeddings are usually supervisedly built minimizing distances between pairs of embeddings of sentences labelled as semantically similar by annotators. Since big labelled datasets are rare, in particular for non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Marco Di Giovanni , Marco Brambilla

The human ability of deep cognitive skills are crucial for the development of various real-world applications that process diverse and abundant user generated input. While recent progress of deep learning and natural language processing…

Dense word embeddings, which encode semantic meanings of words to low dimensional vector spaces have become very popular in natural language processing (NLP) research due to their state-of-the-art performances in many NLP tasks. Word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Lutfi Kerem Senel , Ihsan Utlu , Veysel Yucesoy , Aykut Koc , Tolga Cukur

Word embeddings typically represent different meanings of a word in a single conflated vector. Empirical analysis of embeddings of ambiguous words is currently limited by the small size of manually annotated resources and by the fact that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Timothy J. Hazen , Eneko Agirre , Hinrich Schütze

This work investigates the role of factors like training method, training corpus size and thematic relevance of texts in the performance of word embedding features on sentiment analysis of tweets, song lyrics, movie reviews and item…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Erion Çano , Maurizio Morisio

We propose a new word embedding model, called SPhrase, that incorporates supervised phrase information. Our method modifies traditional word embeddings by ensuring that all target words in a phrase have exactly the same context. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Manni Singh , David Weston , Mark Levene

Previous research on word embeddings has shown that sparse representations, which can be either learned on top of existing dense embeddings or obtained through model constraints during training time, have the benefit of increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Valentin Trifonov , Octavian-Eugen Ganea , Anna Potapenko , Thomas Hofmann

Word embeddings have been widely used in sentiment classification because of their efficacy for semantic representations of words. Given reviews from different domains, some existing methods for word embeddings exploit sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Bei Shi , Zihao Fu , Lidong Bing , Wai Lam

Target-oriented sentiment classification is a fine-grained task of natural language processing to analyze the sentiment polarity of the targets. To improve the performance of sentiment classification, many approaches proposed various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Heng Yang , Biqing Zeng