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Related papers: Automated Black-Box Boundary Value Detection

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Testing has been widely recognised as difficult for AI applications. This paper proposes a set of testing strategies for testing machine learning applications in the framework of the datamorphism testing methodology. In these strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

The success of software model checking depends on finding an appropriate abstraction of the subject program. The choice of the abstract domain and the analysis configuration is currently left to the user, who may not be familiar with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-05-30 Sven Apel , Dirk Beyer , Karlheinz Friedberger , Franco Raimondi , Alexander von Rhein

The method is proposed for the study of many-point boundary value problems for systems of nonlinear ODE, by reducing them to special equivalent integral equations, and allows us [in contrast with the known method [1]] to consider boundary…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2012-05-11 Yu. A. Konyaev

We analyze safety problems of complex systems using the methods of mathematical statistics for testing the output variables of a code simulating the operation of the system under consideration when the input variables are uncertain. We have…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Pal , M. Makai

Embedded systems are ubiquitous and play critical roles in management systems for industry and transport. Software failures in these domains may lead to loss of production or even loss of life, so the software in these systems needs to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Per Erik Strandberg

The increasing use of autonomous and semi-autonomous agents in society has made it crucial to validate their safety. However, the complex scenarios in which they are used may make formal verification impossible. To address this challenge,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Jared J. Beard , Ali Baheri

Model learning (a.k.a. active automata learning) is a highly effective technique for obtaining black-box finite state models of software components. Thus far, generalisation to infinite state systems with inputs/outputs that carry data…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Bharat Garhewal , Frits Vaandrager , Falk Howar , Timo Schrijvers , Toon Lenaerts , Rob Smits

Testing under what conditions the product satisfies the desired properties is a fundamental problem in manufacturing industry. If the condition and the property are respectively regarded as the input and the output of a black-box function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-30 Yu Inatsu , Masayuki Karasuyama , Keiichi Inoue , Ichiro Takeuchi

As software systems grow in scale and complexity, understanding the distribution of programming language topics within source code becomes increasingly important for guiding technical decisions, improving onboarding, and informing tooling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Michael Zhang , Yuan Tian , Mariam Guizani

Software development in the aerospace domain requires adhering to strict, high-quality standards. While there exist regulatory guidelines for commercial software in this domain (e.g., ARP-4754 and DO-178), these do not apply to software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guy Katz , Natan Levy , Idan Refaeli , Raz Yerushalmi

We present the DRYVR framework for verifying hybrid control systems that are described by a combination of a black-box simulator for trajectories and a white-box transition graph specifying mode switches. The framework includes (a) a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Chuchu Fan , Bolun Qi , Sayan Mitra , Mahesh Viswanathan

A common problem encountered in many real-world applications is level set estimation where the goal is to determine the region in the function domain where the function is above or below a given threshold. When the function is black-box and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Giang Ngo , Dang Nguyen , Dat Phan-Trong , Sunil Gupta

Machine learning applications often require hyperparameter tuning. The hyperparameters usually drive both the efficiency of the model training process and the resulting model quality. For hyperparameter tuning, machine learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Patrick Koch , Oleg Golovidov , Steven Gardner , Brett Wujek , Joshua Griffin , Yan Xu

Sentence Boundary Detection (SBD) has been a major research topic since Automatic Speech Recognition transcripts have been used for further Natural Language Processing tasks like Part of Speech Tagging, Question Answering or Automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Carlos-Emiliano González-Gallardo , Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno

We consider the problem of evaluating black-box multi-class classifiers. In the standard setup, we observe class labels $Y\in \{0,1,\ldots,M-1\}$ generated according to the conditional distribution $ Y|X \sim \text{…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Yuchen Chen , Jing Lei

Accurately estimating decision boundaries in black box systems is critical when ensuring safety, quality, and feasibility in real-world applications. However, existing methods iteratively refine boundary estimates by sampling in regions of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mithun Goutham , Riccardo DalferroNucci , Stephanie Stockar , Meghna Menon , Sneha Nayak , Harshad Zade , Chetan Patel , Mario Santillo

Over the last years, machine learning techniques have been applied to more and more application domains, including software engineering and, especially, software quality assurance. Important application domains have been, e.g., software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Safa Omri , Carsten Sinz

A new approach to the solution of boundary value problems within the so-called fictitious domain methods philosophy is proposed which avoids well known shortcomings of other fictitious domain methods, including the need to generate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Daniel Agress , Patrick Guidotti

Practical model building processes are often time-consuming because many different models must be trained and validated. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm that can be used for computing the lower and the upper bounds of model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-11 Yoshiki Suzuki , Kohei Ogawa , Yuki Shinmura , Ichiro Takeuchi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a high capability in answering questions on a diverse range of topics. However, these models sometimes produce biased, ideologized or incorrect responses, limiting their applications if there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiaotian Zhou , Di Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu