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Related papers: Tightening the Penrose Inequality

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We demonstrate that the Penrose inequality is valid for spherically symmetric geometries even when the horizon is immersed in matter. The matter field need not be at rest. The only restriction is that the source satisfies the weak energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Edward Malec , Niall Ó Murchadha

The classical Penrose inequality specifies a lower bound on the total mass in terms of the area of certain trapped surfaces. This fails at the semiclassical level. We conjecture a Quantum Penrose Inequality: the mass at spatial infinity is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-18 Raphael Bousso , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam , Marija Tomasevic

We present a proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality with charge $r\leq m + \sqrt{m^2-q^2}$, where $A=4\pi r^2$ is the area of the outermost apparent horizon with possibly multiple connected components, $m$ is the total ADM mass, and $q$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-04 Marcus Khuri , Gilbert Weinstein , Sumio Yamada

Under certain conditions, we give a new way to prove the uniqueness of static black hole in higher dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes. In the proof, the Penrose inequality plays a key role in higher dimensions as well as four…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Ryosuke Mizuno , Seiju Ohashi , Tetsuya Shiromizu

Our current picture of black hole gravitational collapse relies on two assumptions: i) the resulting singularity is hidden behind an event horizon -- weak cosmic censorship conjecture -- and ii) spacetime eventually settles down to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 J. L. Jaramillo , N. Vasset , M. Ansorg

Penrose's original heuristic for his eponymous spacetime inequality -- a conjectured lower bound on the ADM mass in terms of the area of a horizon cross-section -- relies on the black hole final state conjecture. In this paper we isolate a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Ahmed Ellithy

We numerically investigate the validity of recent modifications of the Penrose inequality that include angular momentum. Formulations expressed in terms of asymptotic mass and asymptotic angular momentum are contradicted. We analyzed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-24 Wojciech Kulczycki , Edward Malec

Consider a compact, orientable, three dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary with nonnegative scalar curvature. Suppose its boundary is the disjoint union of two pieces: the horizon boundary and the outer boundary, where the horizon…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-09-05 Pengzi Miao

We propose new bounds on black hole entropy in terms of the specific heat at fixed charges. For special spherically-symmetric and static black holes ($g_{tt} g_{rr}=-1$), we prove the bounds with suitable sufficient energy conditions. For…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-25 Kai-Peng Lu , H. Lu

We establish a Penrose-like inequality for general (not necessarily time-symmetric) initial data sets of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, which satisfy the dominant energy condition. More precisely, it is shown that the ADM energy is bounded…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Marcus A. Khuri

Penrose described a process that, in principle, could extract energy and angular momentum from a rotating black hole. Here we examine two procedures that were claimed to be capable of implementing the Penrose idea; both make use of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-20 Leon Heller

We note an area-charge inequality orignially due to Gibbons: if the outermost horizon $S$ in an asymptotically flat electrovacuum initial data set is connected then $|q|\leq r$, where $q$ is the total charge and $r=\sqrt{A/4\pi}$ is the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-17 Marcus A Khuri , Sumio Yamada , Gilbert Weinstein

We summarize results on the Penrose inequality bounding the ADM-mass or the Bondi mass in terms of the area of an outermost apparent horizon for asymptotically flat initial data of Einstein's equations. We first recall the proof, due to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Malec , Marc Mars , Walter Simon

In arXiv:0905.2622v1 and arXiv:0910.4785v1, Bray and Khuri outlined an approach to prove the Penrose inequality for general initial data sets of the Einstein equations. In this paper we extend this approach so that it may be applied to a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-17 Marcelo M. Disconzi , Marcus A. Khuri

We investigate the energy distribution of a black hole in various spacetimes as reckoned by a distant observer using the quasi-local energy approach. In each case the horizon mass of a black hole: neutral, charged or rotating, is found to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-27 Yuan K. Ha

We establish a lower bound on the total mass of the time slices of (n + 1)-dimensional asymptotically flat standard static spacetimes under the timelike convergence condition. The inequality can be viewed equivalently as a Minkowski-type…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-11 Brian Harvie

We set to weigh the black holes at their event horizons in various spacetimes and obtain masses which are substantially higher than their asymptotic values. In each case, the horizon mass of a Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstr{\"o}m, or Kerr…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-09 Yuan K. Ha

Recently Herzlich proved a Penrose-like inequality with a coefficient being a kind of a Sobolev constant. We show that this constant tends to zero for charged black holes approaching maximal Reissner-Nordstroem solutions. The method…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-17 K. Roszkowski , E. Malec

The null Penrose inequality, i.e. the Penrose inequality in terms of the Bondi energy, is studied by introducing a funtional on surfaces and studying its properties along a null hypersurface $\Omega$ extending to past null infinity. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-25 Marc Mars , Alberto Soria

In arXiv:1310.3002, Lee and Neves proved a Penrose inequality for spacetimes with negative cosmological constant and nonpositive mass aspect. As an application, they were able to obtain a static uniqueness theorem for Kottler spacetimes…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Stefano Borghini