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Related papers: Instance-Aware Observer Network for Out-of-Distrib…

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In this paper, we tackle the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) objects in semantic segmentation. By analyzing the literature, we found that current methods are either accurate or fast but not both which limits their usability in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

Recent object detectors have achieved impressive accuracy in identifying objects seen during training. However, real-world deployment often introduces novel and unexpected objects, referred to as out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Quang-Huy Nguyen , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhenzhen Liu , Khanh-Huyen Bui , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wei-Lun Chao , Dung D. Le

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is an important yet underexplored task. A reliable object detector should be able to handle OOD objects by localizing and correctly classifying them as OOD. However, a critical issue arises when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sadia Ilyas , Annika Mütze , Klaus Friedrichs , Thomas Kurbiel , Matthias Rottmann

In recent years, deep neural networks have defined the state-of-the-art in semantic segmentation where their predictions are constrained to a predefined set of semantic classes. They are to be deployed in applications such as automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kira Maag , Tobias Riedlinger

Deep learning has led to remarkable strides in scene understanding with panoptic segmentation emerging as a key holistic scene interpretation task. However, the performance of panoptic segmentation is severely impacted in the presence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Rohit Mohan , Kiran Kumaraswamy , Juana Valeria Hurtado , Kürsat Petek , Abhinav Valada

Deep learning systems deployed in real-world applications often encounter data that is different from their in-distribution (ID). A reliable model should ideally abstain from making decisions in this out-of-distribution (OOD) setting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Berker Demirel , Marco Fumero , Francesco Locatello

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianhao Zhang , Shenglin Wang , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Radu Calinescu , Lyudmila Mihaylova

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection and segmentation have attracted growing attention as concerns about AI security rise. Conventional OoD detection methods identify the existence of OoD objects but lack spatial localization, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Yunhui Guo

The detection of out of distribution samples for image classification has been widely researched. Safety critical applications, such as autonomous driving, would benefit from the ability to localise the unusual objects causing the image to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Matt Angus , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay

Object detection is a pivotal task in computer vision that has received significant attention in previous years. Nonetheless, the capability of a detector to localise objects out of the training distribution remains unexplored. Whilst…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina , Yona Falinie A. Gaus , Neelanjan Bhowmik , Toby P. Breckon

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a principal task for ensuring the safety of deploying deep-neural-network classifiers in open-set scenarios. OOD samples can be drawn from arbitrary distributions and exhibit deviations from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Choubo Ding , Guansong Pang

We address the problem of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection for the task of object detection. We show that residual convolutional layers with batch normalisation produce Sensitivity-Aware FEatures (SAFE) that are consistently powerful for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Samuel Wilson , Tobias Fischer , Feras Dayoub , Dimity Miller , Niko Sünderhauf

3D object detection is an essential part of automated driving, and deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for this task. However, deep models are notorious for assigning high confidence scores to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Chengjie Huang , Van Duong Nguyen , Vahdat Abdelzad , Christopher Gus Mannes , Luke Rowe , Benjamin Therien , Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation is critical for safety-sensitive applications like autonomous driving. However, existing mask-based methods often suffer from boundary imprecision, inconsistent anomaly scores within objects, and false…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jeonghoon Song , Sunghun Kim , Jaegyun Im , Byeongjoon Noh

Safe navigation of self-driving cars and robots requires a precise understanding of their environment. Training data for perception systems cannot cover the wide variety of objects that may appear during deployment. Thus, reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Alexey Nekrasov , Rui Zhou , Miriam Ackermann , Alexander Hermans , Bastian Leibe , Matthias Rottmann

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models. Existing methods mostly focus on regular entangled representations to discriminate in-distribution (ID) and OOD data, neglecting the rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Boyang Dai , Chaoqi Chen , Yizhou Yu

Semantic segmentation models trained on known object classes often fail in real-world autonomous driving scenarios by confidently misclassifying unknown objects. While pixel-wise out-of-distribution detection can identify unknown objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Marc Hölle , Walter Kellermann , Vasileios Belagiannis
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