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We study the problem of estimating an unknown function from noisy data using shallow ReLU neural networks. The estimators we study minimize the sum of squared data-fitting errors plus a regularization term proportional to the squared…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-24 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

The universal approximation property is fundamental to the success of neural networks, and has traditionally been achieved by training networks without any constraints on their parameters. However, recent experimental research proposed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yongqiang Cai , Gaohang Chen , Zhonghua Qiao

The paper deals with generalized functional regression. The aim is to estimate the influence of covariates on observations, drawn from an exponential distribution. The link considered has a semiparametric expression: if we are interested in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-20 Irène Gannaz

We draw connections between simple neural networks and under-determined linear systems to comprehensively explore several interesting theoretical questions in the study of neural networks. First, we emphatically show that it is unsurprising…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-02 Austin R. Benson , Anil Damle , Alex Townsend

We study the least-square regression problem with a two-layer fully-connected neural network, with ReLU activation function, trained by gradient flow. Our first result is a generalization result, that requires no assumptions on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

In this paper, it is demonstrated through a case study that multilayer feedforward neural networks activated by ReLU functions can in principle be trained iteratively with Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) as follows. Weights are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Steffen Goebbels

Deep neural networks, particularly those employing Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), are often perceived as complex, high-dimensional, non-linear systems. This complexity poses a significant challenge to understanding their internal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longqing Ye

Neural networks with the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nonlinearity are described by a vector of parameters $\theta$, and realized as a piecewise linear continuous function $R_{\theta}: x \in \mathbb R^{d} \mapsto R_{\theta}(x) \in \mathbb…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Pierre Stock , Rémi Gribonval

We propose a system for calculating a "scaling constant" for layers and weights of neural networks. We relate this scaling constant to two important quantities that relate to the optimizability of neural networks, and argue that a network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Aaron Defazio , Léon Bottou

It has been widely assumed that a neural network cannot be recovered from its outputs, as the network depends on its parameters in a highly nonlinear way. Here, we prove that in fact it is often possible to identify the architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 David Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

In a neural network with ReLU activations, the number of piecewise linear regions in the output can grow exponentially with depth. However, this is highly unlikely to happen when the initial parameters are sampled randomly, which therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Max Milkert , David Hyde , Forrest Laine

This paper presents a minimalist neural regression network as an aggregate of independent identical regression blocks that are trained simultaneously. Moreover, it introduces a new multiplicative parameter, shared by all the neural units of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-06 Soheil Keshmiri

Most of convolutional neural networks share the same characteristic: each convolutional layer is followed by a nonlinear activation layer where Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is the most widely used. In this paper, we argue that the designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Gangming Zhao , Zhaoxiang Zhang , He Guan , Peng Tang , Jingdong Wang

Weight initialization plays an important role in training neural networks and also affects tremendous deep learning applications. Various weight initialization strategies have already been developed for different activation functions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Qipin Chen , Wenrui Hao , Juncai He

We develop exact representations of training two-layer neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) in terms of a single convex program with number of variables polynomial in the number of training samples and the number of hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Mert Pilanci , Tolga Ergen

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding trained ReLU networks as random, affine functions, where the randomness is induced by the distribution over the inputs. By characterizing the probability distribution of the network's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Shreyas Chaudhari , José M. F. Moura

Estimation of a regression function from independent and identically distributed data is considered. The $L_2$ error with integration with respect to the distribution of the predictor variable is used as the error criterion. The rate of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer , Ulrich Reif

We investigate the training and generalization errors of overparameterized neural networks (NNs) with a wide class of leaky rectified linear unit (ReLU) functions. More specifically, we carefully upper bound both the convergence rate of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yinglong Guo , Shaohan Li , Gilad Lerman

We present a new algorithm to generate minimal, stable, and symbolic corrections to an input that will cause a neural network with ReLU activations to change its output. We argue that such a correction is a useful way to provide feedback to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Xin Zhang , Armando Solar-Lezama , Rishabh Singh

This is paper for the smooth function approximation by neural networks (NN). Mathematical or physical functions can be replaced by NN models through regression. In this study, we get NNs that generate highly accurate and highly smooth…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-03 I. K. Hong