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Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are typically evaluated at the logical design level when analyzing trainability. However, execution on real quantum devices requires hardware-aware compilation (transpilation) to satisfy qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

The rapid progress of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing underscores the need to test and evaluate new devices and applications. Quantum chemistry is a key application area for these devices, and therefore serves as an…

In recent years, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have gained significant attention due to their adaptability and efficiency on near-term quantum hardware. They have shown potential in a variety of tasks, including linear algebra,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Yigal Ilin , Itai Arad

The major advances in quantum computing over the last few decades have sparked great interest in applying it to solve the most challenging computational problems in a wide variety of areas. One of the most pronounced domains here are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Andreas Sturm , Bharadwaj Mummaneni , Leon Rullkötter

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are relatively robust to noise, but errors are still a significant detriment to VQAs on near-term quantum machines. It is imperative to employ error mitigation techniques to improve VQA fidelity. While…

Variational quantum algorithm (VQA), which is comprised of a classical optimizer and a parameterized quantum circuit, emerges as one of the most promising approaches for harvesting the power of quantum computers in the noisy intermediate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Nathan Wiebe , Bo Peng , Karol Kowalski , Nathan Baker , James Ang , Ang Li

For typical quantum subroutines in the gate-based model of quantum computing, explicit decompositions of circuits in terms of single-qubit and two-qubit entangling gates may exist. However, they often lead to large-depth circuits that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Dhruv Srinivasan , Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra , Avik Dutt

In 2017, John Preskill defined Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers as an intermediate step on the road to large scale error corrected fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQC). The NISQ regime corresponds to noisy qubit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Olivier Ezratty

Transpilation is a crucial process in preparing quantum circuits for execution on hardware, transforming virtual gates to match device-specific topology by introducing swap gates and basis gates, and applying optimizations that reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Aleksander Kaczmarek , Dikshant Dulal

Quantum computing allows for the manipulation of highly correlated states whose properties quickly go beyond the capacity of any classical method to calculate. Thus one natural problem which could lend itself to quantum advantage is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Kevin Lively , Tim Bode , Jochen Szangolies , Jian-Xin Zhu , Benedikt Fauseweh

Quantum machine learning has proven to be a fruitful area in which to search for potential applications of quantum computers. This is particularly true for those available in the near term, so called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Brian Coyle

There has been much recent interest in near-term applications of quantum computers, i.e., using quantum circuits that have short decoherence times due to hardware limitations. Variational quantum algorithms (VQA), wherein an optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Georgios Korpas , Jakub Marecek , Elton Yechao Zhu

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

Near term quantum computers suffer from the presence of different noise sources. In order to mitigate for this effect and acquire results with significantly better accuracy, there is the urge of designing efficient error correction or error…

Quantum algorithms offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms for a range of computational problems. The fundamental mechanisms underlying quantum computation required the development and construction of quantum computers. These…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shane Sweeney , Krishnendu Guha

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 He-Liang Huang , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chu Guo , Guojing Tian , Shi-Jie Wei , Xiaoming Sun , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Lu Long

Quantum computing is among the most promising emerging techniques to solve problems that are computationally intractable on classical hardware. A large body of existing works focus on using variational quantum algorithms on the gate level…

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the application of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The PQCs are a leading candidate to achieve a quantum advantage in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Joona V. Pankkonen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Parameterized circuit instantiation is a common technique encountered in the generation of circuits for a large class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. Despite being supported by popular quantum compilation infrastructures such as IBM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-17 Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Quantum error correction is vital for implementing universal quantum computing. A key component is the encoding circuit that maps a product state of physical qubits into the encoded multipartite entangled logical state. Known methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xiaosi Xu , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan