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New data acquisition technologies allow one to gather huge amounts of data that are best represented as functional data. In this setting, profile monitoring assesses the stability over time of both univariate and multivariate functional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Fabio Centofanti , Antonio Lepore , Biagio Palumbo

Industrial applications often exhibit multiple in-control patterns due to varying operating conditions, which makes a single functional linear model (FLM) inadequate to capture the complexity of the true relationship between a functional…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-29 Christian Capezza , Fabio Centofanti , Davide Forcina , Antonio Lepore , Biagio Palumbo

Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis (MFPCA) is a valuable tool for exploring relationships and identifying shared patterns of variation in multivariate functional data. However, controlling the roughness of the extracted…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Hossein Haghbin , Yue Zhao , Mehdi Maadooliat

In many modern industrial scenarios, the measurements of the quality characteristics of interest are often required to be represented as functional data or profiles. This motivates the growing interest in extending traditional univariate…

Most statistical process monitoring methods for multichannel profiles focus solely on the mean and are almost ineffective when changes involve the covariance structure. Although it is known to be crucial, covariance monitoring requires…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-06 Christian Capezza , Davide Forcina , Antonio Lepore , Biagio Palumbo

Woodall and Montgomery [35] in a discussion paper, state that multivariate process control is one of the most rapidly developing sections of statistical process control. Nowadays, in industry, there are many situations in which the…

Applications · Statistics 2009-01-20 S. Bersimis , J. Panaretos , S. Psarakis

Sensor signals acquired in the industrial process contain rich information which can be analyzed to facilitate effective monitoring of the process, early detection of system anomalies, quick diagnosis of fault root causes, and intelligent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-27 Feng Ye , Zhijie Xia , Min Dai , Zhisheng Zhang

Modern statistical process monitoring (SPM) applications focus on profile monitoring, i.e., the monitoring of process quality characteristics that can be modeled as profiles, also known as functional data. Despite the large interest in the…

A multivariate control chart is designed to monitor process parameters of multiple correlated quality characteristics. Often data on multivariate processes are collected as individual observations, i.e. as vectors one at the time. Various…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-23 Jimoh Olawale Ajadi , Zezhong Wang , Inez Maria Zwetsloot

Functional linear regression is a widely used approach to model functional responses with respect to functional inputs. However, classical functional linear regression models can be severely affected by outliers. We therefore introduce a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-02 Harjit Hullait , David S. Leslie , Nicos G. Pavlidis , Steve King

We develop a robust Bayesian functional principal component analysis (RB-FPCA) method that utilizes the skew elliptical class of distributions to model functional data, which are observed over a continuous domain. This approach effectively…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Jiarui Zhang , Jiguo Cao , Liangliang Wang

With the rise of Industry 4.0, huge amounts of data are now generated that are apt to be modelled as functional data. In this setting, standard profile monitoring methods aim to assess the stability over time of a completely observed…

Applications · Statistics 2022-05-13 Fabio Centofanti , Antonio Lepore , Murat Kulahci , Max Peter Spooner

The traditional variable control charts, such as the X-bar chart, are widely used to monitor variation in a process. They have been shown to perform well for monitoring processes under the general assumptions that the observations are…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-22 Chanseok Park , Linhan Ouyang , Min Wang

We propose a novel robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for nonlinear multi-input multi-output systems of relative degree one with stable internal dynamics. The proposed algorithm is a combination of funnel MPC, i.e., MPC with a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Thomas Berger , Dario Dennstädt , Lukas Lanza , Karl Worthmann

The ongoing transition from a linear (produce-use-dispose) to a circular economy poses significant challenges to current state-of-the-art information and communication technologies. In particular, the derivation of integrated, high-level…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-07 Du Nguyen Duy , David Gabauer , Ramin Nikzad-Langerodi

Multivariate data are typically represented by a rectangular matrix (table) in which the rows are the objects (cases) and the columns are the variables (measurements). When there are many variables one often reduces the dimension by…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-13 Mia Hubert , Peter J. Rousseeuw , Wannes Van den Bossche

In this paper we review existing methods for robust functional principal component analysis (FPCA) and propose a new method for FPCA that can be applied to longitudinal data where only a few observations per trajectory are available. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-04 Graciela Boente , Matias Salibian-Barrera

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool for analyzing multivariate data. Here the focus is on dimension reduction to the principal subspace, characterized by its projection matrix. The classical principal subspace can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Fabio Centofanti , Mia Hubert , Peter J. Rousseeuw

In modern industrial settings, advanced acquisition systems allow for the collection of data in the form of profiles, that is, as functional relationships linking responses to explanatory variables. In this context, statistical process…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Fabio Centofanti

Multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPCA) is a powerful dimension reduction technique for analyzing multiple functional variables simultaneously. However, existing MFPCA methods assume that all functional observations are…

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