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The Transformer architecture yields state-of-the-art results in many tasks such as natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), since the ability to efficiently capture the precise long-range dependency coupling between input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Peiwang Tang , Xianchao Zhang

Sequence classification is essential in NLP for understanding and categorizing language patterns in tasks like sentiment analysis, intent detection, and topic classification. Transformer-based models, despite achieving state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hongbo Liu , Jia Xu

Transformer-based models are at the forefront in long time-series forecasting (LTSF). While in many cases, these models are able to achieve state of the art results, they suffer from a bias toward low-frequencies in the data and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elisha Dayag , Nhat Thanh Van Tran , Jack Xin

Time series forecasting is an important problem across many domains, including predictions of solar plant energy output, electricity consumption, and traffic jam situation. In this paper, we propose to tackle such forecasting problem with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Shiyang Li , Xiaoyong Jin , Yao Xuan , Xiyou Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Yu-Xiang Wang , Xifeng Yan

In recent years, numerous Transformer-based models have been applied to long-term time-series forecasting (LTSF) tasks. However, recent studies with linear models have questioned their effectiveness, demonstrating that simple linear layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaheng Yin , Zhengxin Shi , Jianshen Zhang , Xiaomin Lin , Yulin Huang , Yongzhi Qi , Wei Qi

Many real-world time series exhibit strong periodic structures arising from physical laws, human routines, or seasonal cycles. However, modern deep forecasting models often fail to capture these recurring patterns due to spectral bias and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Menglin Kong , Vincent Zhihao Zheng , Lijun Sun

Recent studies have shown that deep learning models such as RNNs and Transformers have brought significant performance gains for long-term forecasting of time series because they effectively utilize historical information. We found,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Tian Zhou , Ziqing Ma , Xue wang , Qingsong Wen , Liang Sun , Tao Yao , Wotao Yin , Rong Jin

Time series forecasting is a critical task in domains such as energy, finance, and meteorology, where accurate long-term predictions are essential. While Transformer-based models have shown promise in capturing temporal dependencies, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhenkai Qin , Baozhong Wei , Caifeng Gao , Jianyuan Ni

In the real world, long sequence time-series forecasting (LSTF) is needed in many cases, such as power consumption prediction and air quality prediction.Multi-dimensional long time series model has more strict requirements on the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Ning Wang

This paper introduces WeatherFormer, a transformer encoder-based model designed to learn robust weather features from minimal observations. It addresses the challenge of modeling complex weather dynamics from small datasets, a bottleneck…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Adib Hasan , Mardavij Roozbehani , Munther Dahleh

The performance of time series forecasting has recently been greatly improved by the introduction of transformers. In this paper, we propose a general multi-scale framework that can be applied to the state-of-the-art transformer-based time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Amin Shabani , Amir Abdi , Lili Meng , Tristan Sylvain

Transformer-based models have recently become dominant in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), yet the variations in their architecture, such as encoder-only, encoder-decoder, and decoder-only designs, raise a crucial question: What…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Lefei Shen , Mouxiang Chen , Han Fu , Xiaoxue Ren , Xiaoyun Joy Wang , Jianling Sun , Zhuo Li , Chenghao Liu

Time series forecasting in specialized domains is often constrained by limited data availability, where conventional models typically require large-scale datasets to effectively capture underlying temporal dynamics. To tackle this few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haonan Shi , Dehua Shuai , Liming Wang , Xiyang Liu , Long Tian

Recent Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate in-context learning ability to perform various functions based solely on the provided context, without updating model parameters. To fully utilize the in-context capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Yan Sun , Shihao Yang

Recent advancements in long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) have primarily focused on capturing cross-time and cross-variate (channel) dependencies within historical data. However, a critical aspect often overlooked by many existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Chaolv Zeng , Yuan Tian , Guanjie Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Accurate short-term energy consumption forecasting is essential for efficient power grid management, resource allocation, and market stability. Traditional time-series models often fail to capture the complex, non-linear dependencies and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abhishek Maity , Viraj Tukarul

The stable periodic patterns present in time series data serve as the foundation for conducting long-horizon forecasts. In this paper, we pioneer the exploration of explicitly modeling this periodicity to enhance the performance of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shengsheng Lin , Weiwei Lin , Xinyi Hu , Wentai Wu , Ruichao Mo , Haocheng Zhong

In this paper, we find that ubiquitous time series (TS) forecasting models are prone to severe overfitting. To cope with this problem, we embrace a de-redundancy approach to progressively reinstate the intrinsic values of TS for future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Daojun Liang , Haixia Zhang , Dongfeng Yuan , Bingzheng Zhang , Minggao Zhang

Short fixed-length inputs are the main bottleneck of deep learning methods in long time-series forecasting tasks. Prolonging input length causes overfitting, rapidly deteriorating accuracy. Our research indicates that the overfitting is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Chao Ma , Yikai Hou , Xiang Li , Yinggang Sun , Haining Yu

Transformers suffer from a high computational cost that grows with sequence length for self-attention, making inference in long streams prohibited by memory consumption. Constant-memory alternatives such as RNNs and SSMs compress history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhixin Zhang , Shabo Zhang , Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Meng Sun