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Reinforcement learning (RL) is the dominant paradigm for sharpening strategic tool use capabilities of LLMs on long-horizon, sparsely-rewarded agent tasks, yet it faces a fundamental challenge of exploration-exploitation trade-off. Existing…

Memory replay may be key to learning in biological brains, which manage to learn new tasks continually without catastrophically interfering with previous knowledge. On the other hand, artificial neural networks suffer from catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

Neural networks can achieve excellent results in a wide variety of applications. However, when they attempt to sequentially learn, they tend to learn the new task while catastrophically forgetting previous ones. We propose a model that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Craig Atkinson , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Anthony Robins

While experience replay is essential for data efficiency in reinforcement learning (RL), standard methods treat the replay buffer as a passive memory system, prioritizing samples based on numerical prediction errors rather than their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanan Xiao , Yixiang Tang , Zechen Feng , Lu Jiang , Minghao Yin , Pengyang Wang

Sample efficiency is a fundamental challenge in de novo molecular design. Ideally, molecular generative models should learn to satisfy a desired objective under minimal oracle evaluations (computational prediction or wet-lab experiment).…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-26 Jeff Guo , Philippe Schwaller

Reinforcement Learning (RL) trains agents to learn optimal behavior by maximizing reward signals from experience datasets. However, RL training often faces memory limitations, leading to execution latencies and prolonged training times. To…

Prioritized Experience Replay (ER) has been empirically shown to improve sample efficiency across many domains and attracted great attention; however, there is little theoretical understanding of why such prioritized sampling helps and its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Yangchen Pan , Jincheng Mei , Amir-massoud Farahmand , Martha White , Hengshuai Yao , Mohsen Rohani , Jun Luo

The effectiveness of deep neural networks (DNN) in vision, speech, and language processing has prompted a tremendous demand for energy-efficient high-performance DNN inference systems. Due to the increasing memory intensity of most DNN…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Skanda Koppula , Lois Orosa , Abdullah Giray Yağlıkçı , Roknoddin Azizi , Taha Shahroodi , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Onur Mutlu

Deep reinforcement learning has achieved great success in various fields with its super decision-making ability. However, the policy learning process requires a large amount of training time, causing energy consumption. Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Hongjie Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is proven powerful for decision making in simulated environments. However, training deep RL model is challenging in real world applications such as production-scale health-care or recommender systems because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Ge Liu , Rui Wu , Heng-Tze Cheng , Jing Wang , Jayden Ooi , Lihong Li , Ang Li , Wai Lok Sibon Li , Craig Boutilier , Ed Chi

Perceptive deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has lead to many recent breakthroughs for complex AI systems leveraging image-based input data. Applications of these results range from super-human level video game agents to dexterous,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Lev Grossman , Brian Plancher

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods rely on experience replay to approximate the minibatched supervised learning setting; however, unlike supervised learning where access to lots of training data is crucial to generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Brett Daley , Cameron Hickert , Christopher Amato

To enable embodied agents to operate effectively over extended timeframes, it is crucial to develop models that form and access memories to stay contextualized in their environment. In the current paradigm of training transformer-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Zsolt Kira , Yarin Gal , Rahaf Aljundi

Representation learning is a key technique in modern machine learning that enables models to identify meaningful patterns in complex data. However, different methods tend to extract distinct aspects of the data, and relying on a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Wenhui Li , Shijin Gong , Xinyu Zhang

Deep learning-based recommendation systems (e.g., DLRMs) are widely used AI models to provide high-quality personalized recommendations. Training data used for modern recommendation systems commonly includes categorical features taking on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Gopi Krishna Jha , Anthony Thomas , Nilesh Jain , Sameh Gobriel , Tajana Rosing , Ravi Iyer

Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms distill experience into parametric behavior policies or value functions via gradient updates. While effective, this approach has several disadvantages: (1) it is computationally expensive,…

Continual learning for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems poses a challenge, especially with the need to avoid catastrophic forgetting while maintaining performance on previously learned tasks. This paper introduces a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Geoffrey Tyndall , Kurniawati Azizah , Dipta Tanaya , Ayu Purwarianti , Dessi Puji Lestari , Sakriani Sakti

Loss of plasticity is one of the main challenges in continual learning with deep neural networks, where neural networks trained via backpropagation gradually lose their ability to adapt to new tasks and perform significantly worse than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Jiuqi Wang , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been successfully applied in several research domains such as robot navigation and automated video game playing. However, these methods require excessive computation and interaction with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Ayberk Aydın , Elif Surer

This work proposes a novel model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent that is able to learn how to complete an unknown task having access to only a part of the input observation. We take inspiration from the concepts of visual attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Gonçalo Querido , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo