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Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training while preserving privacy. Recently, the integration of Foundation Models (FMs) into FL has enhanced performance but introduced a novel backdoor attack mechanism. Attackers can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaohuan Bi , Xi Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed paradigm aimed at protecting participant data privacy by exchanging model parameters to achieve high-quality model training. However, this distributed nature also makes FL highly vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wei Wan , Yuxuan Ning , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Shengshan Hu , Ziqi Zhou , Yechao Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Leo Yu Zhang

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a potentially powerful privacy-preserving machine learning methodology, since it avoids exchanging data between participants, but instead exchanges model parameters. FL has traditionally been applied…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Han Wu , Zilong Zhao , Lydia Y. Chen , Aad van Moorsel

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a learning method to enable the server to train models over data distributed among various clients. These clients are protective about their data being leaked to the server, any other client, or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Uday Bhaskar , Varul Srivastava , Avyukta Manjunatha Vummintala , Naresh Manwani , Sujit Gujar

Federated learning is a recently proposed paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a joint model. It allows clients to train models locally, and leverages the parameter server to generate a global model by aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jierui Lin , Min Du , Jian Liu

Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative model training but remains vulnerable to adversarial behaviors that compromise model utility or fairness across sensitive groups. While extensive studies have examined attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yanli Li , Yanan Zhou , Zhongliang Guo , Nan Yang , Yuning Zhang , Huaming Chen , Dong Yuan , Weiping Ding , Witold Pedrycz

The decentralized nature of federated learning, that often leverages the power of edge devices, makes it vulnerable to attacks against privacy and security. The privacy risk for a peer is that the model update she computes on her private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Jesús Manjón , David Sánchez

Despite Federated Learning (FL) employing gradient aggregation at the server for distributed training to prevent the privacy leakage of raw data, private information can still be divulged through the analysis of uploaded gradients from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tianzhe Xiao , Yichen Li , Yu Zhou , Yining Qi , Yi Liu , Wei Wang , Haozhao Wang , Yi Wang , Ruixuan Li

Federated Learning (FL) has gained prominence in machine learning applications across critical domains by enabling collaborative model training without centralized data aggregation. However, FL frameworks that protect privacy often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Dawood Wasif , Terrence J. Moore , Jin-Hee Cho

Real-world data is usually segmented by attributes and distributed across different parties. Federated learning empowers collaborative training without exposing local data or models. As we demonstrate through designed attacks, even with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Shuang Zhang , Liyao Xiang , Xi Yu , Pengzhi Chu , Yingqi Chen , Chen Cen , Li Wang

Recent works have brought attention to the vulnerability of Federated Learning (FL) systems to gradient leakage attacks. Such attacks exploit clients' uploaded gradients to reconstruct their sensitive data, thereby compromising the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Xiaodan Li , Wenmeng Zhou

The vast increase of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and the ever-evolving attack vectors have increased cyber-security risks dramatically. A common approach to implementing AI-based Intrusion Detection systems (IDSs) in distributed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Othmane Belarbi , Theodoros Spyridopoulos , Eirini Anthi , Ioannis Mavromatis , Pietro Carnelli , Aftab Khan

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a secure paradigm for collaborative training among clients. Without data centralization, FL allows clients to share local information in a privacy-preserving manner. This approach has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jiawei Shao , Zijian Li , Wenqiang Sun , Tailin Zhou , Yuchang Sun , Lumin Liu , Zehong Lin , Yuyi Mao , Jun Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that allows data owners to collaboratively train models while keeping their data localized. Despite its potential, FL faces challenges related to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Wenjie Li , Kai Fan , Jingyuan Zhang , Hui Li , Wei Yang Bryan Lim , Qiang Yang

Federated learning (FL), as a disruptive machine learning paradigm, enables the collaborative training of a global model over decentralized local datasets without sharing them. It spans a wide scope of applications from Internet-of-Things…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-01 Yuhan Yang , Yong Zhou , Youlong Wu , Yuanming Shi

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where clients train models locally and share model updates to develop a global model. This enables low-resource devices to collaboratively build a high-quality model without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Haoyang Li , Leixia Wang , Jianliang Xu

Federated learning is a computing paradigm that enhances privacy by enabling multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without revealing personal data. However, current research indicates that traditional federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Runhua Xu , Bo Li , Chao Li , James B. D. Joshi , Shuai Ma , Jianxin Li

Federated learning (FL) is a promising way to allow multiple data owners (clients) to collaboratively train machine learning models without compromising data privacy. Yet, existing FL solutions usually rely on a centralized aggregator for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nanqing Dong , Jiahao Sun , Zhipeng Wang , Shuoying Zhang , Shuhao Zheng

Federated learning (FL) emerged as a promising learning paradigm to enable a multitude of participants to construct a joint ML model without exposing their private training data. Existing FL designs have been shown to exhibit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lingjuan Lyu , Chen Chen