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We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is one of the promising 6G technologies that allows the conversion of the wireless channel into an intelligent transmit entity by manipulating the impinging waves using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-01 I. Yildirim , A. Uyrus , E. Basar

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), also known as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), or large intelligent surfaces (LISs), have received significant attention for their potential to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-05 Yuanwei Liu , Xiao Liu , Xidong Mu , Tianwei Hou , Jiaqi Xu , Marco Di Renzo , Naofal Al-Dhahir

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a promising solution to improve the performance of existing wireless communications. To achieve its cost-effectiveness advantage, there inevitably exist certain hardware impairments in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Yiming Liu , Rui Wang , Zhu Han

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently emerged as a promising technology that can achieve high spectrum and energy efficiency for future wireless networks by integrating a massive number of low-cost and passive reflecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Minchae Jung , Walid Saad , Merouane Debbah , Choong Seon Hong

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a planar structure that is engineered to dynamically control the electromagnetic waves. In wireless communications, RISs have recently emerged as a promising technology for realizing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Marco Di Renzo , Fadil H. Danufane , Sergei Tretyakov

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are programmable metasurfaces that can adaptively steer received electromagnetic energy in desired directions by employing controllable phase shifting cells. Among other uses, an RIS can modify the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-15 Ender Ayanoglu , Filippo Capolino , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is attracting more and more research interest because of its ability to reprogram the radio environment. Designing and implementing the RIS, however, is challenging because of limitations of printed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-01 Yiming Yang , Mohammad Vaseem , Ruiqi Wang , Behrooz Makki , Atif Shamim

In this paper, we survey state-of-the-art research outcomes in the burgeoning field of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in view of its potential for significant performance enhancement for next generation wireless communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-16 Miguel Dajer , Zhengxiang Ma , Leonard Piazzi , Narayan Prasad , Xiao-Feng Qi , Baoling Sheen , Jin Yang , Guosen Yue

Sensing-assisted communication schemes have recently garnered significant research attention. In this work, we design a dual-function reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), integrating both active and passive elements, referred to as the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Cheng Luo , Luping Xiang , Jie Hu , Kun Yang

Recently there has been a flurry of research on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless networks to create smart radio environments. In a smart radio environment, surfaces are capable of manipulating the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Mohamed A. ElMossallamy , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Karim G. Seddik , Zhu Han , Geoffrey Ye Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising solution to boost coverage sustainably by reflecting waves from a transmitter to a receiver and acting as a low-power and passive relay. In this paper, for the first time, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Philippe Ratajczak , Eric Séguenot , Dinh-Thuy Phan-Huy

The adoption of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for downlink multi-user communication from a multi-antenna base station is investigated in this paper. We develop energy-efficient designs for both the transmit power allocation and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Alessio Zappone , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Intelligent surfaces that reshape electromagnetic waves are regarded as disruptive technologies for wireless networks. However, existing designs sit at two costly extremes: dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) offer fine beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Ziyuan Zheng , Qingqing Wu , Wen Chen , Weiren Zhu , Ying Gao

The integration of tunability mechanisms in the metasurface design has unleashed a tremendous potential for wireless communications. In particular, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can manipulate the reflections of an incident…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Vasileios G. Ataloglou , George V. Eleftheriades

Pixel-based reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) employ a novel design to achieve high reflection gain at a lower hardware cost by eliminating the phase shifters used in traditional RIS. However, this design presents challenges for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Huayan Guo , Junhui Rao , Alex M. H. Wong , Ross Murch , Vincent K. N. Lau

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided near-field communications is investigated. First, the necessity of investigating RIS-aided near-field communications and the advantages brought about by the unique spherical-wave-based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xidong Mu , Jiaqi Xu , Yuanwei Liu , Lajos Hanzo

This paper analyzes the working principle of four-switch cross-shaped reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in detail and reveals the different types of RIS that can be designed based on this structure. Combined with the design examples…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Xiaocun Zong , Binchao Zhang , Fan Yang , Shenheng Xu , Maokun Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are widely considered to become an integral part of future wireless communication systems. Various methodologies exist to design such surfaces; however, most consider or require a very large number…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Hans-Dieter Lang , Michel A. Nyffenegger , Heinz Mathis , Xingqi Zhang

In this study, we introduce a design concept that leverages pulse width variation to enable a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and to autonomously switch reflection properties between two angles without any active control system.…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-27 Eisuke Omori , Kairi Takimoto , Atsuko Nagata , Ashif Fathnan , Shinya Sugiura , Hiroki Wakatsuchi