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Real-world data often follow a long-tailed distribution with a high imbalance in the number of samples between classes. The problem with training from imbalanced data is that some background features, common to all classes, can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Sanglee Park , Seung-won Hwang , Jungmin So

For the Facial Action Unit (AU) detection task, accurately capturing the subtle facial differences between distinct AUs is essential for reliable detection. Additionally, AU detection faces challenges from class imbalance and the presence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ziqiao Shang , Bin Liu , Fengmao Lv , Fei Teng , Tianrui Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

The success of deep learning heavily depends on the availability of large labeled training sets. However, it is hard to get large labeled datasets in medical image domain because of the strict privacy concern and costly labeling efforts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Dewen Zeng , Yawen Wu , Xinrong Hu , Xiaowei Xu , Haiyun Yuan , Meiping Huang , Jian Zhuang , Jingtong Hu , Yiyu Shi

While Contrastive Learning (CL) has revolutionized self-supervised representation learning, its latent representations remain highly entangled and opaque, limiting their interpretability in safety-critical applications. We identify that a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Peng Cui , Jiahao Zhang , Lijie Hu

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach that enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a global model while preserving their data privacy. However, FL often suffers from data heterogeneity problems, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ye Lin Tun , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Chu Myaet Thwal , Jinwoo Choi , Choong Seon Hong

Most recent few-shot learning (FSL) methods are based on meta-learning with episodic training. In each meta-training episode, a discriminative feature embedding and/or classifier are first constructed from a support set in an inner loop,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Yizhao Gao , Nanyi Fei , Guangzhen Liu , Zhiwu Lu , Tao Xiang , Songfang Huang

In skeleton-based human activity understanding, existing methods often adopt the contrastive learning paradigm to construct a discriminative feature space. However, many of these approaches fail to exploit the structural inter-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongda Liu , Yunfan Liu , Min Ren , Lin Sui , Yunlong Wang , Zhenan Sun

Existed pre-trained models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various text classification tasks. These models have proven to be useful in learning universal language representations. However, the semantic discrepancy between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Jinhe Lan , Qingyuan Zhan , Chenhao Jiang , Kunping Yuan , Desheng Wang

Recently, contrastive learning has been shown to be effective in improving pre-trained language models (PLM) to derive high-quality sentence representations. It aims to pull close positive examples to enhance the alignment while push apart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that allows decentralized clients to learn collaboratively without sharing their private data. However, excessive computation and communication demands pose challenges to current FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yue Tan , Guodong Long , Jie Ma , Lu Liu , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Jiang

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) has attracted increasing attention for model pre-training via unlabeled data. The resulted CSL models provide instance-discriminative visual features that are uniformly scattered in the feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Yifan Zhang , Bryan Hooi , Dapeng Hu , Jian Liang , Jiashi Feng

Hierarchical classification is a crucial task in many applications, where objects are organized into multiple levels of categories. However, conventional classification approaches often neglect inherent inter-class relationships at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Julius Ott , Nastassia Vysotskaya , Huawei Sun , Lorenzo Servadei , Robert Wille

Recently, representation learning with contrastive learning algorithms has been successfully applied to challenging unlabeled datasets. However, these methods are unable to distinguish important features from unimportant ones under simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Toshiyuki Oshima , Kentaro Takagi , Kouta Nakata

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable empirical success, often producing representations that rival supervised pre-training on downstream tasks. Recent theory explains this by showing that the CL loss closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Achleshwar Luthra , Priyadarsi Mishra , Tomer Galanti

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a paradigm that leverages unlabeled data for model training. Empirical studies show that SSL can achieve promising performance in distribution shift scenarios, where the downstream and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Xuyang Zhao , Tianqi Du , Yisen Wang , Jun Yao , Weiran Huang

Invariant Contrastive Learning (ICL) methods have achieved impressive performance across various domains. However, the absence of latent space representation for distortion (augmentation)-related information in the latent space makes ICL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sifan Song , Jinfeng Wang , Qiaochu Zhao , Xiang Li , Dufan Wu , Angelos Stefanidis , Jionglong Su , S. Kevin Zhou , Quanzheng Li

Contrastive representation learning (CRL) underpins many modern foundation models. Despite recent theoretical progress, existing analyses suffer from several key limitations: (i) the statistical consistency of CRL remains poorly understood;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuanfan Li , Xiyuan Wei , Tianbao Yang , Yiming Ying

Generally, current image manipulation detection models are simply built on manipulation traces. However, we argue that those models achieve sub-optimal detection performance as it tends to: 1) distinguish the manipulation traces from a lot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Wenyan Pan , Zhili Zhou , Guangcan Liu , Teng Huang , Hongyang Yan , Q. M. Jonathan Wu

Expert systems often operate in domains characterized by class-imbalanced tabular data, where detecting rare but critical instances is essential for safety and reliability. While conventional approaches, such as cost-sensitive learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Md Abrar Jahin , Adiba Abid , M. F. Mridha

Contrastive learning is a family of self-supervised methods where a model is trained to solve a classification task constructed from unlabeled data. It has recently emerged as one of the leading learning paradigms in the absence of labels…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Bingbin Liu , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski