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Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the transition towards sustainable modes of transportation and thus are critical to the energy transition. As their number grows, managing the aggregate power of EV charging is crucial to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Nanda Kishor Panda , Simon H. Tindemans

The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) can provide substantial electricity to the grid, supporting the grids' stability. The state space model (SSM) has been proposed as an effective modeling method for power prediction and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-07 Yiping Liu , Xiaozhe Wang , Geza Joos

The flexibility of active ($p$) and reactive power ($q$) consumption in distributed energy resources (DERs) can be represented as a (potentially non-convex) set of points in the $p$-$q$ plane. Modeling of the aggregated flexibility in a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Soumya Kundu , Vikas Chandan , Karan Kalsi

While electric vehicles (EVs) often exhibit substantial flexibility, harnessing this flexibility requires precise characterization of its timing and magnitude. This paper introduces the reduction potential matrix, a novel approach to EV…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Polina Alexeenko , Matthew Bruchon , Jesse Bennett

This paper addresses an optimal control problem for a large population of identical plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The number of PEVs being large, the mean field assumption is formulated to describe the evolution of the PEVs population…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Adrien Seguret , Cheng Wan , Clémence Alasseur

Controlled charging of electric vehicles, EVs, is a major potential source of flexibility to facilitate the integration of variable renewable energy and reduce the need for stationary energy storage. To offer system services from EVs, fleet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Jacob Thrän , Jakub Mareček , Robert N. Shorten , Timothy C. Green

Managing and unlocking the flexibility hidden in electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a critical yet challenging task towards low-carbon power and energy systems. This paper focuses on the online bidding and dispatch strategies for an EV…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Manqi Xu , Ye Guo , Hongbin Sun

We pose the aggregator's problem as a bilevel model, where the upper level minimizes the total operation costs of the fleet of EVs, while each lower level minimizes the energy available to each vehicle for transportation given a certain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-28 Álvaro Porras , Ricardo Fernández-Blanco , Juan Miguel Morales , Salvador Pineda

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be aggregated to offer flexibility to power systems. However, the rapid growth in EV adoption leads to increased grid-level carbon emissions due to higher EV charging demand, challenging grid decarbonization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Xiaowei Wang , Yue Chen

Concise and reliable modeling for aggregating power flexibility of distributed energy resources in active distribution networks (ADNs) is a crucial technique for coordinating transmission and distribution networks. Our recent research has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-11 Yilin Wen , Zechun Hu , Jinhua He , Yi Guo

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular within the United States, making up an increasingly large portion of the US's electricity consumption. Hence, there is much attention has been directed on how to manage EVs within the power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-30 Kelsey Nelson , Javad Mohammadi , Yu Chen , Erik Blasch , Alex Aved , David Ferris , Erika Ardiles Cruz , Philip Morrone

Aggregators have emerged as crucial tools for the coordination of distributed, controllable loads. To be used effectively, an aggregator must be able to communicate the available flexibility of the loads they control, as known as the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Tongxin Li , Bo Sun , Yue Chen , Zixin Ye , Steven H. Low , Adam Wierman

Ellipsoids are a common representation for reachability analysis, because they can be transformed efficiently under affine maps, and allow conservative approximation of Minkowski sums, which let one incorporate uncertainty and linearization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-23 Shreyas Kousik , Adam Dai , Grace Gao

This paper presents a coordinated framework to optimize electric vehicle (EV) charging considering grid constraints and system uncertainties. The proposed framework consists of two optimization models. In particular, the distribution system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Arash Baharvandi , Duong Tung Nguyen

We are interested in the numerical simulations of the Euler system with variable congestion encoded by a singular pressure. This model describes for instance the macroscopic motion of a crowd with individual congestion preferences. We…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Pierre Degond , Piotr Minakowski , Laurent Navoret , Ewelina Zatorska

Due to the increasing concern for greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel security, electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted much attention in recent years. EVs can aggregate together constituting the vehicle-to-grid system. Coordination of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-26 James J. Q. Yu , Junhao Lin , Albert Y. S. Lam , Victor O. K. Li

Increased electrification of energy end-usage can lead to network congestion during periods of high consumption. Flexibility of loads, such as aggregate smart charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs), is increasingly leveraged to manage grid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-30 Nanda Kishor Panda , Peter Palensky , Simon H. Tindemans

A variety of energy resources has been identified as being flexible in their electric energy consumption or generation. This energetic flexibility can be used for various purposes such as minimizing energy procurement costs or providing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Fabian L. Müller , Jácint Szabó , Olle Sundström , John Lygeros

The emergence of distributed energy resources has led to new challenges in the operation and planning of power networks. Of particular significance is the introduction of a new layer of complexity that manifests in the form of new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Aaqib Peerzada , Miroslav Begovic , Wesam Rohouma , Robert S. Balog

This paper is focused on the mathematical modeling and solution of the optimal charging of a large population of identical plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with mixed state variables (continuous and discrete). A mean field assumption is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-01-29 Adrien Seguret