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The ever-increasing data demand craves advancements in high-speed and energy-efficient computing hardware. Analog optical neural network (ONN) processors have emerged as a promising solution, offering benefits in bandwidth and energy…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-07 Chao Luan , Ronald Davis , Zaijun Chen , Dirk Englund , Ryan Hamerly

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are reshaping the field of information processing. With their exponential growth challenging existing electronic hardware, optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging to process DNN tasks in the optical domain…

Recent advances in image data processing through machine learning and especially deep neural networks (DNNs) allow for new optimization and performance-enhancement schemes for radiation detectors and imaging hardware through data-endowed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-23 S. Lin , S. Ning , H. Zhu , T. Zhou , C. L. Morris , S. Clayton , M. Cherukara , R. T. Chen , Z. Wang

The number of parameters in deep neural networks (DNNs) is scaling at about 5$\times$ the rate of Moore's Law. To sustain this growth, photonic computing is a promising avenue, as it enables higher throughput in dominant general…

Advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) are transforming science and technology. However, the increasing computational demands of the most powerful DNNs limit deployment on low-power devices, such as smartphones and sensors -- and this…

Conventional integrated circuits (ICs) struggle to meet the escalating demands of artificial intelligence (AI). This has sparked a renewed interest in an unconventional computing paradigm: neuromorphic (brain-inspired) computing. However,…

Owing to the data explosion and rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep neural networks (DNNs), the ever-increasing demand for large-scale matrix-vector multiplication has become one of the major issues in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Minning Zhu , Tzu-Wei Kuo , Chung-Tse Michael Wu

The energy consumption of neural network inference has become a topic of paramount importance with the growing success and adoption of deep neural networks. Analog optical neural networks (ONNs) can reduce the energy of matrix-vector…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Marc Gong Bacvanski , Sri Krishna Vadlamani , Kfir Sulimany , Dirk Robert Englund

Optical neural networks (ONNs) perform extensive computations using photons instead of electrons, resulting in passively energy-efficient and low-latency computing. Among various ONNs, the diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs)…

Optical Diffraction Neural Networks (DNNs), a subset of Optical Neural Networks (ONNs), show promise in mirroring the prowess of electronic networks. This study introduces the Hybrid Diffraction Neural Network (HDNN), a novel architecture…

As deep neural network (DNN) models grow ever-larger, they can achieve higher accuracy and solve more complex problems. This trend has been enabled by an increase in available compute power; however, efforts to continue to scale electronic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Liane Bernstein , Alexander Sludds , Ryan Hamerly , Vivienne Sze , Joel Emer , Dirk Englund

The computational demands of modern AI have spurred interest in optical neural networks (ONNs) which offer the potential benefits of increased speed and lower power consumption. However, current ONNs face various challenges,most…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Xiansong Meng , Deming Kong , Kwangwoong Kim , Qiuchi Li , Po Dong , Ingemar J. Cox , Christina Lioma , Hao Hu

Optical neural networks (ONNs), or optical neuromorphic hardware accelerators, have the potential to dramatically enhance the computing power and energy efficiency of mainstream electronic processors, due to their ultralarge bandwidths of…

As deep neural networks (DNNs) grow to solve increasingly complex problems, they are becoming limited by the latency and power consumption of existing digital processors. For improved speed and energy efficiency, specialized analog optical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Liane Bernstein , Alexander Sludds , Christopher Panuski , Sivan Trajtenberg-Mills , Ryan Hamerly , Dirk Englund

Analog computing has reemerged as a promising avenue for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) due to its potential to overcome the energy efficiency and scalability challenges posed by traditional digital architectures. However,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Cansu Demirkiran , Lakshmi Nair , Darius Bunandar , Ajay Joshi

The record-breaking achievements of deep neural networks (DNNs) in image classification and detection tasks resulted in a surge of new computer vision applications during the past years. However, their computational complexity is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-25 Petar Jokic , Stephane Emery , Luca Benini

The edge processing of deep neural networks (DNNs) is becoming increasingly important due to its ability to extract valuable information directly at the data source to minimize latency and energy consumption. Frequency-domain model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Nastaran Darabi , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Hongyi Pan , Ahmet Cetin , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated effectiveness for various applications such as image processing, video segmentation, and speech recognition. Running state-of-the-art DNNs on current systems mostly relies on either…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Mohsen Imani , Mohammad Samragh , Yeseong Kim , Saransh Gupta , Farinaz Koushanfar , Tajana Rosing

Mixed-signal artificial neural networks (ANNs) that employ analog matrix-multiplication accelerators can achieve higher speed and improved power efficiency. Though analog computing is known to be susceptible to noise and device…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Joseph Ulseth , Zheyuan Zhu , Guifang Li , Shuo Pang

Diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs), which perform computation using light instead of electrons, offer a promising pathway toward accelerating artificial intelligence by leveraging the inherent advantages of optics in speed,…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-24 Haoyu Wang , Yanmin Zhu , Tong Fu
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