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We consider the problem of minimizing different notions of swap regret in online optimization. These forms of regret are tightly connected to correlated equilibrium concepts in games, and have been more recently shown to guarantee…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Maxwell Fishelson , Haipeng Luo , Jon Schneider

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is a family of iterative algorithms that are the most popular and, in practice, fastest approach to approximately solving large imperfect-information games. In this paper we introduce novel CFR…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

Correlated equilibria arise naturally when agents communicate or rely on intermediaries such as recommendation systems. We study when a given Nash equilibrium can be improved within the set of correlated equilibria for general objectives.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-01 Kirill Rudov , Fedor Sandomirskiy , Leeat Yariv

We consider the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning in Markov games. A fundamental question is whether there exist algorithms that, when adopted by all agents and run independently in a decentralized fashion, lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Dylan J. Foster , Noah Golowich , Sham M. Kakade

Best-response mechanisms (Nisan, Schapira, Valiant, Zohar, 2011) provide a unifying framework for studying various distributed protocols in which the participants are instructed to repeatedly best respond to each others' strategies. Two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Diodato Ferraioli , Paolo Penna

Despite the many recent practical and theoretical breakthroughs in computational game theory, equilibrium finding in extensive-form team games remains a significant challenge. While NP-hard in the worst case, there are provably efficient…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Brian Hu Zhang , Tuomas Sandholm

Extensive-form games (EFGs) model finite sequential interactions between players. The amount of memory required to represent these games is the main bottleneck of algorithms for computing optimal strategies and the size of these strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Jiri Cermak , Viliam Lisy , Branislav Bosansky

Counterfactual regret minimization is a family of algorithms of no-regret learning dynamics capable of solving large-scale imperfect information games. We propose implementing this algorithm as a series of dense and sparse matrix and vector…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Juho Kim

We study N-player finite games with costs perturbed due to time-varying disturbances in the underlying system and to that end, we propose the concept of Robust Correlated Equilibrium that generalizes the definition of Correlated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Rahul Misra , Rafał Wisniewski , Carsten Skovmose Kallesøe , Manuela L. Bujorianu

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is an effective algorithm for solving extensive games with imperfect information (IIEGs). However, CFR is only allowed to be applied in known environments, where the transition function of the chance…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Chen Qiu , Xuan Wang , Tianzi Ma , Yaojun Wen , Jiajia Zhang

We propose a generalization of Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) built on a simple premise: some actions are more focal than others. In our model, which we call the Focal Quantal Response Equilibrium (Focal QRE), each player plays a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-26 Matthew Kovach , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

We present a framework for computing approximate mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of continuous-action games. It is a modification of the traditional double oracle algorithm, extended to multiple players and continuous action spaces. Unlike…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

We study the existence and computation of Nash equilibria in concave games where the players' admissible strategies are subject to shared coupling constraints. Under playerwise concavity of constraints, we prove existence of Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to reconcile in online learning in zero-sum games two seemingly contradictory objectives: vanishing time-average regret and non-vanishing step sizes. This phenomenon, that we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-14 James P. Bailey , Georgios Piliouras

The computational study of equilibria involving constraints on players' strategies has been largely neglected. However, in real-world applications, players are usually subject to constraints ruling out the feasibility of some of their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Francesco Trovò , Nicola Gatti

A recent line of work has established uncoupled learning dynamics such that, when employed by all players in a game, each player's \emph{regret} after $T$ repetitions grows polylogarithmically in $T$, an exponential improvement over the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gabriele Farina , Ioannis Anagnostides , Haipeng Luo , Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

Do boundedly rational players learn to choose equilibrium strategies as they play a game repeatedly? A large literature in behavioral game theory has proposed and experimentally tested various learning algorithms, but a comparative analysis…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-03 Marco Pangallo , James Sanders , Tobias Galla , Doyne Farmer

We extend the formalism of Conjectural Variations games to Stackelberg games involving multiple leaders and a single follower. To solve these nonconvex games, a common assumption is that the leaders compute their strategies having perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Luce Brotcorne

Continuous-time adaptive controllers for systems with a matched uncertainty often comprise an online parameter estimator and a corresponding parameterized controller to cancel the uncertainty. However, such methods are often impossible to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Aren Karapetyan , Efe C. Balta , Anastasios Tsiamis , Andrea Iannelli , John Lygeros

Correlated equilibria -- and their generalization $\Phi$-equilibria -- are a fundamental object of study in game theory, offering a more tractable alternative to Nash equilibria in multi-player settings. While computational aspects of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli , Gabriele Farina