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Recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations have revealed that a majority of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z ~ 1-3 are resident in isolated disk galaxies, contrary to the usual expectation that AGN are triggered by mergers. Here we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Victor P. Debattista , Stelios Kazantzidis , Frank C. van den Bosch

Young star clusters are dynamically active stellar systems and are a common birthplace for massive stars. Low-mass star clusters ($\sim{}300-10^3$ M$_\odot$) are more numerous than massive systems and are characterized by a two-body…

The centre of the Milky Way is occupied by a nuclear star cluster, which contains the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. The cluster is embedded in the larger surrounding nuclear stellar disc. These three components dominate the mass budget of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-07 A. Feldmeier-Krause , T. I. Maindl , G. van den Ven , S. Thater , P. Jethwa , I. Breda

Compact objects are expected to exist in the accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and in the presence of such a dense environment ($\sim 10^{14}\,{\rm cm^{-3}}$), they will form a new kind of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-21 Jian-Min Wang , Jun-Rong Liu , Luis C. Ho , Pu Du

We present theoretical models for stellar black hole (BH) properties in young, massive star clusters. Using a Monte Carlo code for stellar dynamics, we model realistic star clusters with $N\simeq 5\times10^5$ stars and significant binary…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-17 S. Goswami , P. Kiel , F. A. Rasio

Young star clusters are likely the most common birthplace of massive stars across cosmic time and influence the formation of compact binaries in several ways. Here, we simulate the formation of black hole -- neutron star binaries (BHNSs) in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Sara Rastello , Michela Mapelli , Ugo N. Di Carlo , Nicola Giacobbo , Filippo Santoliquido , Mario Spera , Alessandro Ballone , Giuliano Iorio

We present high-resolution 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the formation and evolution of protostellar discs in a turbulent molecular cloud. Using a piecewise polytropic equation of state, we perform two sets of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 T. Hayfield , L. Mayer , J. Wadsley , A. C. Boley

Binary supermassive black holes (SMBH) are expected to form naturally during galaxy mergers. After the dynamical friction phase, when the two SMBHs become gravitationally bound to each other, and a brief stage of initial rapid hardening,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-30 Kirill Lezhnin , Eugene Vasiliev

Intermediate-mass galaxies, including the Milky Way, typically host both a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a nuclear stellar cluster (NSC). Binaries in an NSC evolve via close encounters with surrounding stars and secular processes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 Arn Marklund , Ross P. Church , Alessandro A. Trani

Context. We present simulations of a massive young star cluster using \textsc{Nbody6++GPU} and \textsc{MOCCA}. The cluster is initially more compact than previously published models, with one million stars, a total mass of $5.86 \times…

We analyze the dynamical evolution of binary stars that interact with a static background of single stars in the environment of a massive black hole (MBH). All stars are considered to be single mass, Newtonian point particles. We follow the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-03 Clovis Hopman

The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is, together with the nuclear star cluster (NSC) and the central massive black hole, one of the main components in the central parts of our Milky Way. However, until recently, only few studies of the stellar…

Accretion in the nuclei of active galaxies may occur chaotically. This can produce accretion discs which are counter-rotating or strongly misaligned with respect to the spin of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), or the axis of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Chris Nixon , Andrew King , Daniel Price

The central regions of galaxies show the presence of massive black holes and/or dense stellar systems. The question about their modes of formation is still under debate. A likely explanation of the formation of the central dense stellar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-12 R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta , M. Arca-Sedda , M. Spera

We present a study on the dynamics of massive BHs in galaxy mergers, obtained from a series of high-resolution N-Body/SPH simulations. The presence of a gaseous component is essential for the rapid formation of an eccentric (Keplerian) BH…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 M. Colpi , S. Callegari , M. Dotti , S. Kazantzidis , L. Mayer

I review recent progresses in the dynamics and the evolution of self-gravitating accretion discs. Accretion discs are a fundamental component of several astrophysical systems on very diverse scales, and can be found around supermassive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Lodato

It is well established that supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback is crucial for regulating the evolution of massive, if not all, galaxies. However, modelling the interplay between SMBHs and their host galaxies is challenging due to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-04 Sophie Koudmani , Rachel S. Somerville , Debora Sijacki , Martin A. Bourne , Yan-Fei Jiang , Kasar Profit

There is a dense group of OB and Wolf-Rayet stars within a fraction of a parsec from the super-massive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic Center. These stars appear to be coeval and relatively massive. A subgroup of these stars orbits on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-06 Xiaochen Zheng , Douglas N. C. Lin , Shude Mao

We investigate the circumstances which allow a black hole to remain put at the galactic centre when the stellar core is anisotropic. We use N-body calculations to study the response of stellar orbit families embedded in a larger, isotropic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 C. M. Boily , T. L. François , J. Freundlich , F. Combes , A. -L. Melchior , Y. Hénin

Space-based observations are beginning to yield detailed information about the stellar kinematics at the very centers of galaxies, within the sphere of gravitational influence of the black hole. The structure and dynamics of these regions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Merritt , F. Cruz , M. Milosavljevic