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Progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms goes hand-in-hand with the development of challenging environments that test the limits of current methods. While existing RL environments are either sufficiently complex or based on fast…

We present Godot Reinforcement Learning (RL) Agents, an open-source interface for developing environments and agents in the Godot Game Engine. The Godot RL Agents interface allows the design, creation and learning of agent behaviors in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Edward Beeching , Jilles Debangoye , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Assisted by neural networks, reinforcement learning agents have been able to solve increasingly complex tasks over the last years. The simulation environment in which the agents interact is an essential component in any reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Aqeel Labash , Ardi Tampuu , Tambet Matiisen , Jaan Aru , Raul Vicente

Sequential processes in real-world often carry a combination of simple subsystems that interact with each other in certain forms. Learning such a modular structure can often improve the robustness against environmental changes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ziyu Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zixuan Zhang , Wei Tang , Junchi Yan

Despite groundbreaking progress in reinforcement learning for robotics, gameplay, and other complex domains, major challenges remain in applying reinforcement learning to the evolving, open-world problems often found in critical application…

This innovative practice category paper presents an innovative framework for teaching Reinforcement Learning (RL) at the undergraduate level. Recognizing the challenges posed by the complex theoretical foundations of the subject and the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Muhammad Ahmed Atif , Mohammad Shahid Shaikh

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have increased the promise of introducing cognitive assistance and automation to robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS). However, progress in algorithms and methods depends on the…

Due to the empirical success of reinforcement learning, an increasing number of students study the subject. However, from our practical teaching experience, we see students entering the field (bachelor, master and early PhD) often struggle.…

Large language model based agents are increasingly deployed in complex, tool augmented environments. While reinforcement learning provides a principled mechanism for such agents to improve through interaction, its effectiveness critically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shinji Mai , Yunpeng Zhai , Ziqian Chen , Cheng Chen , Anni Zou , Shuchang Tao , Zhaoyang Liu , Bolin Ding

Driving safely requires multiple capabilities from human and intelligent agents, such as the generalizability to unseen environments, the safety awareness of the surrounding traffic, and the decision-making in complex multi-agent settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Quanyi Li , Zhenghao Peng , Lan Feng , Qihang Zhang , Zhenghai Xue , Bolei Zhou

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a capable and intuitive structure for the fundamental sequential decision-making problem. Despite impressive breakthroughs, it can still be difficult to employ RL in practice in many simple applications.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Aida Afshar , Wenchao Li

In typical reinforcement learning (RL), the environment is assumed given and the goal of the learning is to identify an optimal policy for the agent taking actions through its interactions with the environment. In this paper, we extend this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Zhiming Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Yong Yu , Wenxin Li

Driven by the algorithmic advancements in reinforcement learning and the increasing number of implementations of human-AI collaboration, Collaborative Reinforcement Learning (CRL) has been receiving growing attention. Despite this recent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zhaoxing Li

Research on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based production scheduling (PS) has gained a lot of attention in recent years, primarily due to the high demand for optimizing scheduling problems in diverse industry settings. Numerous studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Constantin Waubert de Puiseau , Jannik Peters , Christian Dörpelkus , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

The growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in various applications underscores the need for agents that can successfully navigate and adapt to an ever-changing, open-ended world. A key challenge is ensuring these AI agents are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mikayel Samvelyan

Despite the recent progress in deep reinforcement learning field (RL), and, arguably because of it, a large body of work remains to be done in reproducing and carefully comparing different RL algorithms. We present catalyst.RL, an open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Sergey Kolesnikov , Oleksii Hrinchuk

As autonomous agents become adept at understanding and interacting with graphical user interface (GUI) environments, a new era of automated task execution is emerging. Recent studies have demonstrated that Reinforcement Learning (RL) can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Songqin Nong , Xiaoxuan Tang , Jingxuan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Jianfeng Chen , Tao Jiang , Wenhao Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are often designed specifically for a particular problem and they generally have uninterpretable working processes. Statistical methods-based agent algorithms can be improved in terms of generalizability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Faruk Kucuksubasi , Elif Surer

Reward design plays a pivotal role in the training of game AIs, requiring substantial domain-specific knowledge and human effort. In recent years, several studies have explored reward generation for training game agents and controlling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Jin-Ha Noh , Julian Togelius , Kyung-Joong Kim