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As the fundamental capability behind decision-making in finance, financial reasoning poses distinct challenges for LLMs. Although reinforcement learning (RL) have boosted generic reasoning, the progress in finance is hindered by the absence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lingfei Qian , Weipeng Zhou , Yan Wang , Xueqing Peng , Han Yi , Yilun Zhao , Jimin Huang , Qianqian Xie , Jian-yun Nie

We present a new dataset for chart question answering (CQA) constructed from visualization notebooks. The dataset features real-world, multi-view charts paired with natural language questions grounded in analytical narratives. Unlike prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Maeve Hutchinson , Radu Jianu , Aidan Slingsby , Jo Wood , Pranava Madhyastha

When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Pan Lu , Swaroop Mishra , Tony Xia , Liang Qiu , Kai-Wei Chang , Song-Chun Zhu , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Ashwin Kalyan

Visual Question Answering systems target answering open-ended textual questions given input images. They are a testbed for learning high-level reasoning with a primary use in HCI, for instance assistance for the visually impaired. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Theo Jaunet , Corentin Kervadec , Romain Vuillemot , Grigory Antipov , Moez Baccouche , Christian Wolf

The proliferation of financial misinformation poses a severe threat to market stability and investor trust, misleading market behavior and creating critical information asymmetry. Detecting such misleading narratives is inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Cuong Hoang , Le-Minh Nguyen

Chart question answering (CQA) is a task used for assessing chart comprehension, which is fundamentally different from understanding natural images. CQA requires analyzing the relationships between the textual and the visual components of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Matan Levy , Rami Ben-Ari , Dani Lischinski

Question answering (QA) in English has been widely explored, but multilingual datasets are relatively new, with several methods attempting to bridge the gap between high- and low-resourced languages using data augmentation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Arnab Debnath , Navid Rajabi , Fardina Fathmiul Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

To build robust question answering systems, we need the ability to verify whether answers to questions are truly correct, not just "good enough" in the context of imperfect QA datasets. We explore the use of natural language inference (NLI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Jifan Chen , Eunsol Choi , Greg Durrett

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a novel problem domain where multi-modal inputs must be processed in order to solve the task given in the form of a natural language. As the solutions inherently require to combine visual and natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Mikyas T. Desta , Larry Chen , Tomasz Kornuta

Financial intelligence generation from vast data sources has typically relied on traditional methods of knowledge-graph construction or database engineering. Recently, fine-tuned financial domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs), have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Nicole Cho , Nishan Srishankar , Lucas Cecchi , William Watson

Large language models have undergone rapid evolution, emerging as a pivotal technology for intelligence in financial operations. However, existing benchmarks are often constrained by pitfalls such as reliance on simulated or general-purpose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xin Guo , Rongjunchen Zhang , Guilong Lu , Xuntao Guo , Shuai Jia , Zhi Yang , Liwen Zhang

Open book question answering is a type of natural language based QA (NLQA) where questions are expected to be answered with respect to a given set of open book facts, and common knowledge about a topic. Recently a challenge involving such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Pratyay Banerjee , Kuntal Kumar Pal , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly catalyzed table-based question answering (TableQA). However, existing TableQA benchmarks often overlook the intricacies of industrial scenarios, which are characterized…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to financial analysis, yet their ability to audit structured financial statements under explicit accounting principles remains poorly explored. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Manan Roy Choudhury , Guangwei Zhang , Vivek Gupta , Qingyun Wang , Yanjie Fu , Denghui Zhang

Visual question answering (VQA) refers to the problem where, given an image and a natural language question about the image, a correct natural language answer has to be generated. A VQA model has to demonstrate both the visual understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Raihan Kabir , Naznin Haque , Md Saiful Islam , Marium-E-Jannat

Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) models aim at answering a question with its relevant paragraph and previous question-answer pairs that occurred during conversation multiple times. To apply such models to a real-world scenario,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of new benchmarks for evaluating their performance in the financial domain. However, current financial benchmarks often rely on news articles, earnings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jie Zhu , Junhui Li , Yalong Wen , Xiandong Li , Lifan Guo , Feng Chen

In natural language processing (NLP), the focus has shifted from encoder-only tiny language models like BERT to decoder-only large language models(LLMs) such as GPT-3. However, LLMs' practical application in the financial sector has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xuan Xu , Fufang Wen , Beilin Chu , Zhibing Fu , Qinhong Lin , Jiaqi Liu , Binjie Fei , Yu Li , Linna Zhou , Zhongliang Yang

Hybrid data combining both tabular and textual content (e.g., financial reports) are quite pervasive in the real world. However, Question Answering (QA) over such hybrid data is largely neglected in existing research. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Fengbin Zhu , Wenqiang Lei , Youcheng Huang , Chao Wang , Shuo Zhang , Jiancheng Lv , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

Table-and-text hybrid question answering (HybridQA) is a widely used and challenging NLP task commonly applied in the financial and scientific domain. The early research focuses on migrating other QA task methods to HybridQA, while with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Dingzirui Wang , Longxu Dou , Wanxiang Che