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Multilingual representations embed words from many languages into a single semantic space such that words with similar meanings are close to each other regardless of the language. These embeddings have been widely used in various settings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Jieyu Zhao , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Saghar Hosseini , Kai-Wei Chang , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant disparities in performance across languages, primarily benefiting high-resource languages while marginalizing underrepresented ones. Continual Pretraining (CPT) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Hengyu Luo , Jörg Tiedemann

Several studies have explored various advantages of multilingual pre-trained models (such as multilingual BERT) in capturing shared linguistic knowledge. However, less attention has been paid to their limitations. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Sara Rajaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Pre-trained text encoders have rapidly advanced the state of the art on many NLP tasks. We focus on one such model, BERT, and aim to quantify where linguistic information is captured within the network. We find that the model represents the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Ian Tenney , Dipanjan Das , Ellie Pavlick

In this paper, we present a study of the recent advancements which have helped bring Transfer Learning to NLP through the use of semi-supervised training. We discuss cutting-edge methods and architectures such as BERT, GPT, ELMo, ULMFit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Aditya Malte , Pratik Ratadiya

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has shown marvelous improvements across various NLP tasks, and its consecutive variants have been proposed to further improve the performance of the pre-trained language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin , Ziqing Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in a multitude of NLP tasks. However, the efficacy of such models to languages other than English is often limited. Prior works have shown that encoder-only models such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Sunayana Sitaram

Crosslingual transfer is crucial to contemporary language models' multilingual capabilities, but how it occurs is not well understood. We ask what happens to a monolingual language model when it begins to be trained on a second language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Catherine Arnett , Tyler A. Chang , James A. Michaelov , Benjamin K. Bergen

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks (e.g. question-answering in English) benefit from knowledge of other tasks (e.g. named entity recognition in English) and knowledge of other languages (e.g. question-answering in Spanish). Such shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Ishan Tarunesh , Sushil Khyalia , Vishwajeet Kumar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Preethi Jyothi

While BERT is an effective method for learning monolingual sentence embeddings for semantic similarity and embedding based transfer learning BERT based cross-lingual sentence embeddings have yet to be explored. We systematically investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jingshu Liu , Raheel Qader , Gaëtan Caillaut , Mariam Nakhlé

Multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) enables training a single model that supports translation from multiple source languages into multiple target languages. In this paper, we push the limits of multilingual NMT in terms of number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Roee Aharoni , Melvin Johnson , Orhan Firat

Despite their popularity in non-English NLP, multilingual language models often underperform monolingual ones due to inter-language competition for model parameters. We propose Cross-lingual Expert Language Models (X-ELM), which mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Terra Blevins , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Hila Gonen , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

We create a reusable Transformer, BrainBERT, for intracranial recordings bringing modern representation learning approaches to neuroscience. Much like in NLP and speech recognition, this Transformer enables classifying complex concepts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Christopher Wang , Vighnesh Subramaniam , Adam Uri Yaari , Gabriel Kreiman , Boris Katz , Ignacio Cases , Andrei Barbu

The growing interest in argument mining and computational argumentation brings with it a plethora of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks and corresponding datasets. However, as with many other NLU tasks, the dominant language is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Orith Toledo-Ronen , Matan Orbach , Yonatan Bilu , Artem Spector , Noam Slonim

Large pre-trained models have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) research and applications, but high training costs and limited data resources have prevented their benefits from being shared equally amongst speakers of all the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Qingcheng Zeng , Lucas Garay , Peilin Zhou , Dading Chong , Yining Hua , Jiageng Wu , Yikang Pan , Han Zhou , Rob Voigt , Jie Yang

Pre-trained language models like BERT have achieved great success in a wide variety of NLP tasks, while the superior performance comes with high demand in computational resources, which hinders the application in low-latency IR systems. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Wenhao Lu , Jian Jiao , Ruofei Zhang

Transformer based pre-trained models such as BERT and its variants, which are trained on large corpora, have demonstrated tremendous success for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Most of academic works are based on the English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Muhammed Cihat Ünal , Betül Aygün , Aydın Gerek

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer is a central task in multilingual NLP, allowing models trained in languages with more sufficient training resources to generalize to other low-resource languages. Earlier efforts on this task use parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Fei Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Kai-Wei Chang , Muhao Chen

Since the introduction of the original BERT (i.e., BASE BERT), researchers have developed various customized BERT models with improved performance for specific domains and tasks by exploiting the benefits of transfer learning. Due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jia Tracy Shen , Michiharu Yamashita , Ethan Prihar , Neil Heffernan , Xintao Wu , Ben Graff , Dongwon Lee

Zero-shot cross-lingual transfer is an important feature in modern NLP models and architectures to support low-resource languages. In this work, We study zero-shot cross-lingual transfer from English to French and German under Multi-Label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Zein Shaheen , Gerhard Wohlgenannt , Dmitry Mouromtsev