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The increasing detection of new molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) shows that stereoisomerism is a fundamental contributor to interstellar molecular complexity. This work presents the first comprehensive overview of interstellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-27 Víctor M. Rivilla , Miguel Sanz-Novo , David San Andrés

One of the keys to interpreting the character and evolution of interstellar matter in the galaxy is understanding the distribution of the low density hot (10^5 K -10^6 K) phase of the interstellar medium (ISM). This phase is much more…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Eric J. Korpela , Stuart Bowyer , Jerry Edelstein

Modern high-resolution simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) have shown that key factors in governing star formation are the competing influences of radiative dissipation, pressure support driven by stellar feedback, and the…

Resolving the phase structure of neutral hydrogen (HI) is crucial for understanding the life cycle of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, accurate measurements of HI temperature and density are limited by the availability of background…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-19 Claire E. Murray , J. E. G. Peek , Chang-Goo Kim

An accurate treatment of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in hydrodynamic galaxy simulations requires that we follow not only the thermal evolution of the gas, but also the evolution of its chemical state, including its molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 Alexander J. Richings , Joop Schaye , Benjamin D. Oppenheimer

High resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing chemical and physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at various phases. We present detections of K transition absorption lines from the low…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 Yangsen Yao , Norbert S. Schulz , Ming F. Gu , Michael A. Nowak , Claude R. Canizares

We use the first data release from the SINGG H-alpha survey of HI-selected galaxies to study the quantitative behavior of the diffuse, warm ionized medium (WIM) across the range of properties represented by these 109 galaxies. The mean…

A majority of JWST/NIRSpec/IFU studies at high redshifts to date have focused on UV-bright or massive objects, while our understanding of low-mass galaxies at early cosmic times remains limited. In this work, we present NIRSpec/IFS…

We present rest frame mid-infrared spectroscopy of a sample of 13 submillimeter galaxies, obtained using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The sample includes exclusively bright objects from blank fields…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 E. Valiante , D. Lutz , E. Sturm , R. Genzel , L. J. Tacconi , M. D. Lehnert , A. J. Baker

Infrared and nebular lines provide some of our best probes of the physics regulating the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at high-redshift. However, interpreting the physical conditions of high-redshift galaxies directly from…

A tight relation between [C II] line luminosity and the star formation rate (SFR) has been observed for local galaxies. At high redshift (z > 5), galaxies instead deviate downwards from the local $\Sigma$_[C II] - $\Sigma$_SFR relation.…

We present semi-analytic models of galactic outflows, constrained by available observations on high redshift star formation and reionization. Galactic outflows are modeled in a manner akin to models of stellar wind blown bubbles. Large…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Saumyadip Samui , Kandaswamy Subramanian , Raghunathan Srianand

We present a physically-based absorption-line model for the spectroscopic study of the intergalactic medium (IGM). This model adopts results from Cloudy simulations and theoretical calculations by Gnat and Sternberg (2007) to examine the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Yangsen Yao , J. Michael Shull , Charles W. Danforth , Brian A. Keeney , John T. Stocke

The local interstellar medium (ISM) is suffused with "dark" gas, identified by excess infrared and gamma ray emission, yet undetected by standard ISM tracers such as neutral hydrogen (HI) or carbon monoxide emission. Based on observed dust…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-08 Claire E. Murray , J. E. G. Peek , Min-Young Lee , Snezana Stanimirovic

Recent claims of a gamma-ray excess in the diffuse galactic emission detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope with a morphology similar to the WMAP haze were based on the assumption that spatial templates of the interstellar medium (ISM)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-04-16 Tim Linden , Stefano Profumo

Methanol, one of the simplest complex organic molecules in the Interstellar Medium (ISM), has been shown to be present and extended in cold environments such as starless cores. We aim at studying methanol emission across several starless…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-22 S. Spezzano , A. Fuente , P. Caselli , A. Vasyunin , D. Navarro-Almaida , M. Rodríguez-Baras , A. Punanova , C. Vastel , V. Wakelam

When the neutral interstellar medium is exposed to EUV and soft X ray radiation, the argon atoms in it are far more susceptible to being ionized than the hydrogen atoms. We make use of this fact to determine the level of ionization in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-01-29 Edward B. Jenkins

Hydrodynamical simulations indicate that substantial fraction of baryons in the Universe remains in a diffuse component - Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). To determine physical properties (spatial distribution, temperature and density)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrzej M. Soltan

The neutral hydrogen (Hi) 21-cm line serves as a powerful tracer of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM). Thermal stability analysis suggests that the neutral ISM is bistable in nature, consisting of the cold neutral medium (CNM) embedded…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-12 Atanu Koley

Galaxy and occupies perhaps a quarter of the volume of the Galactic disk. Decoding the spectrum of the Galactic diffuse ionizing field is of fundamental interest. This can be done via direct measurements of ionization fractions of various…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-07 S. R. Kulkarni , Charles Beichman , Michael E. Ressler