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The question if a deterministic finite automaton admits a software reset in the form of a so-called synchronizing word can be answered in polynomial time. In this paper, we extend this algorithmic question to deterministic automata beyond…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Henning Fernau , Petra Wolf , Tomoyuki Yamakami

Most slowly synchronizing automata over binary alphabets are circular, i.e., containing a letter permuting the states in a single cycle, and their set of synchronizing words has maximal state complexity, which also implies complete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Stefan Hoffmann

We study synchronizing automata with the shortest reset words of relatively large length. First, we refine the Frankl-Pin result on the length of the shortest words of rank $m$, and the B\'eal, Berlinkov, Perrin, and Steinberg results on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

Instead of looking at the lengths of synchronizing words as in \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture, we look at the switch count of such words, that is, we only count the switches from one letter to another. Where the synchronizing words of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Henk Don , Hans Zantema

Synchronizing words in classical automata theory provide a mechanism to reset any state of a deterministic automaton to a specific target state via a carefully chosen finite sequence of transition rules. In this work, we extend the concept…

The {\em asynchronous automaton} associated with a Boolean network $f:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^n$, considered in many applications, is the finite deterministic automaton where the set of states is $\{0,1\}^n$, the alphabet is $[n]$, and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Julio Aracena , Adrien Richard , Lilian Salinas

We generalize the concept of synchronizing words for finite automata, which map all states of the automata to the same state, to deterministic visibly push-down automata. Here, a synchronizing word w does not only map all states to the same…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Henning Fernau , Petra Wolf

We present a new heuristic algorithm finding reset words. The algorithm called CutOff-IBFS is based on a simple idea of inverse breadth-first-search in the power automaton. We perform an experimental investigation of effectiveness compared…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-12 Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

We present a few classes of synchronizing automata exhibiting certain extremal properties with regard to synchronization. The first is a series of automata with subsets whose shortest extending words are of length $\varTheta(n^2)$, where…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

A goal of this paper is to introduce the new construction of an automaton with shortest synchronizing word of length $O(d^{\frac{n}{d}})$, where $d \in \mathbb{N}$ and $n$ is the number of states for that automaton. Additionally we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Jakub Ruszil

In the constrained synchronization problem we ask if a given automaton admits a synchronizing word coming from a fixed regular constraint language. We show that intersecting a given constraint language with an ideal language decreases the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Stefan Hoffmann

In this report we study the problem of minimising deterministic automata over finite and infinite words. Deterministic finite automata are the simplest devices to recognise regular languages, and deterministic Buchi, Co-Buchi, and parity…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-15 Sven Schewe

We study several problems related to finding reset words in deterministic finite automata. In particular, we establish that the problem of deciding whether a shortest reset word has length k is complete for the complexity class DP. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-21 Jörg Olschewski , Michael Ummels

We consider the first problem that appears in any application of synchronizing automata, namely, the problem of deciding whether or not a given $n$-state $k$-letter automaton is synchronizing. First we generalize results from…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

String matching is the problem of finding all the occurrences of a pattern in a text. We propose improved versions of the fast family of string matching algorithms based on hashing $q$-grams. The improvement consists of considering minimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Thierry Lecroq

This paper considers the existence of short synchronizing words in deterministic finite automata (DFAs). We define two general strategies for generating synchronizing words, and we show that each of these strategies can be applied if and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Peter Bradshaw , Alexander Clow , Ladislav Stacho

String matching is the problem of finding all the substrings of a text which match a given pattern. It is one of the most investigated problems in computer science, mainly due to its very diverse applications in several fields. Recently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Domenico Cantone , Simone Faro , Arianna Pavone

Using combinatorial properties of incomplete sets in a free monoid we construct a series of n-state deterministic automata with zero whose shortest synchronizing word has length n^2/4+n/2-1.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-28 E. V. Pribavkina

A word w of letters on edges of underlying graph Gamma of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is called the synchronizing word if w sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. J. Cerny discovered in 1964 a sequence of n-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-20 A. N. Trahtman

We consider the problem {\sc Max Sync Set} of finding a maximum synchronizing set of states in a given automaton. We show that the decision version of this problem is PSPACE-complete and investigate the approximability of {\sc Max Sync Set}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-20 Andrew Ryzhikov