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Power flow refers to the injection of power on the lines of an electrical grid, so that all the injections at the nodes form a consistent flow within the network. Optimality, in this setting, is usually intended as the minimization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Daniel Bienstock , Mauro Escobar , Claudio Gentile , Leo Liberti

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Linear power flow (LPF) models are essential in power system analysis. Various LPF models are proposed, but some crucial questions are still remained: what is the performance bound (e.g., the error bound) of LPF models, how to know a branch…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-09 Zhentong Shao , Qiaozhu Zhai , Xiaohong Guan

This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Ahmed S. Zamzam , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a critical optimization problem for power systems to operate at points where cost or other operational objectives are optimized. Due to the non-convexity of the set of feasible OPF operating points, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Daniel Turizo , Diego Cifuentes , Anton Leykin , Daniel K. Molzahn

In recent years, several applications have been proposed in the context of distribution networks. Many of these can be formulated as an optimal power flow problem, a mathematical optimization program which includes a model of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Sander Claeys , Frederik Geth , Geert Deconinck

In this work we design and compare different supervised learning algorithms to compute the cost of Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF). The motivation for quick calculation of OPF cost outcomes stems from the growing need of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Raphael Canyasse , Gal Dalal , Shie Mannor

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the fundamental tasks for power system operations. While machine learning (ML) approaches such as deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely studied to enhance OPF solution speed and performance, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xinyi Liu , Xuan He , Yize Chen

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

Alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problems are nonconvex and nonlinear optimization problems. Utilities and independent service operators (ISO) require ACOPF to be solved in almost real time. Interior point methods (IPMs) are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Sayed Abdullah Sadat , Kibaek Kim

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

Real-time optimal power flow (RT-OPF) under wind energy penetration is highly desired but extremely difficult to realize. This is basically due to the conflict between the fast changes in wind power generation and the slow response from the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-02 Erfan Mohagheghi , Aouss Gabash , Pu Li

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a core optimization problem in power system operation and planning, aiming to minimize generation costs while satisfying physical constraints such as power flow equations, generator limits, and voltage limits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

The growing scale of power systems and the increasing uncertainty introduced by renewable energy sources necessitates novel optimization techniques that are significantly faster and more accurate than existing methods. The AC Optimal Power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Andrew Rosemberg , Michael Klamkin , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is one of the fundamental problems in power systems operation. AC-OPF is traditionally cast as a constrained optimization problem that seeks optimal generation set points whilst fulfilling a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Henning Lange , Bingqing Chen , Mario Berges , Soummya Kar

Traditional optimal power flow (OPF) describes the system performance only in a single snapshot while the resulting decisions are applied to an entire time period. Therefore, how well the selected snapshot can represent the entire time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Zongjie Wang , Ge Guo , C. Lindsay Anderson

The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy and robustness of optimal power flow (OPF) formulations for distribution systems modeled down to the low-voltage point of connection of individual buildings. An approach for addressing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dakota Hamilton , Loraine Navarro , Dionysios Aliprantis

Solving the AC optimal power flow problem (AC-OPF) is critical to the efficient and safe planning and operation of power grids. Small efficiency improvements in this domain have the potential to lead to billions of dollars of cost savings,…

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most fundamental problems in power system operations. The non-linear alternating current (AC) power flow equations that model different physical laws (together with operational constraints)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-08 M. H. M. Christianen , S. van Kempen , M. Vlasiou , B. Zwart