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Test-Time Scaling enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models by allocating additional inference compute to broaden the exploration of the solution space. However, existing search strategies typically treat rollouts as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xinglin Wang , Jiayi Shi , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

This paper presents an efficient speech enhancement (SE) approach that reuses a processing block repeatedly instead of conventional stacking. Rather than increasing the number of blocks for learning deep latent representations, repeating a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Jangyeon Kim , Ui-Hyeop Shin , Jaehyun Ko , Hyung-Min Park

Recent results show that deep neural networks using contextual embeddings significantly outperform non-contextual embeddings on a majority of text classification task. We offer precomputed embeddings from popular contextual ELMo model for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Matej Ulčar , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Fine-tuning BERT-based models is resource-intensive in memory, computation, and time. While many prior works aim to improve inference efficiency via compression techniques, e.g., pruning, these works do not explicitly address the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Danilo Vucetic , Mohammadreza Tayaranian , Maryam Ziaeefard , James J. Clark , Brett H. Meyer , Warren J. Gross

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

Training effective multilingual embedding models presents unique challenges due to the diversity of languages and task objectives. Although small multilingual models (<1 B parameters) perform well on multilingual tasks generally, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Lifu Tu , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Maximum entropy models are considered by many to be one of the most promising avenues of language modeling research. Unfortunately, long training times make maximum entropy research difficult. We present a novel speedup technique: we change…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joshua Goodman

Radar sensors offer power-efficient solutions for always-on smart devices, but processing the data streams on resource-constrained embedded platforms remains challenging. This paper presents novel techniques that leverage the temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Max Sponner , Julius Ott , Lorenzo Servadei , Bernd Waschneck , Robert Wille , Akash Kumar

End-to-end acoustic-to-word speech recognition models have recently gained popularity because they are easy to train, scale well to large amounts of training data, and do not require a lexicon. In addition, word models may also be easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Shruti Palaskar , Vikas Raunak , Florian Metze

Increased adaptability of RNN language models leads to improved predictions that benefit many applications. However, current methods do not take full advantage of the RNN structure. We show that the most widely-used approach to adaptation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Aaron Jaech , Mari Ostendorf

Recent works show that learning contextualized embeddings for words is beneficial for downstream tasks. BERT is one successful example of this approach. It learns embeddings by solving two tasks, which are masked language model (masked LM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Çağla Aksoy , Alper Ahmetoğlu , Tunga Güngör

We study reasoning tasks through a framework that integrates auto-regressive (AR) and non-autoregressive (NAR) language models. AR models, which generate text sequentially, excel at producing coherent outputs but often suffer from slow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Qihang Ai , Haiyun Jiang

Recurrent neural networks have proved to be an effective method for statistical language modeling. However, in practice their memory and run-time complexity are usually too large to be implemented in real-time offline mobile applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Artem M. Grachev , Dmitry I. Ignatov , Andrey V. Savchenko

Modern day Language Models see extensive use in text classification, yet this comes at significant computational cost. Compute-effective classification models are needed for low-resource environments, most notably on edge devices. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Stan Loosmore , Alexander Titus

Transformer-based text embedding models have improved their performance on benchmarks like MIRACL and BEIR by increasing their parameter counts. However, this scaling approach introduces significant deployment challenges, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zach Nussbaum , Brandon Duderstadt

Text embeddings have become an essential part of a variety of language applications. However, methods for interpreting, exploring and reversing embedding spaces are limited, reducing transparency and precluding potentially valuable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Brian Ondov , Chia-Hsuan Chang , Yujia Zhou , Mauro Giuffrè , Hua Xu

The current dominance of deep neural networks in natural language processing is based on contextual embeddings such as ELMo, BERT, and BERT derivatives. Most existing work focuses on English; in contrast, we present here the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Matej Ulčar , Aleš Žagar , Carlos S. Armendariz , Andraž Repar , Senja Pollak , Matthew Purver , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

We find that existing language modeling datasets contain many near-duplicate examples and long repetitive substrings. As a result, over 1% of the unprompted output of language models trained on these datasets is copied verbatim from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Katherine Lee , Daphne Ippolito , Andrew Nystrom , Chiyuan Zhang , Douglas Eck , Chris Callison-Burch , Nicholas Carlini

Named Entity Recognition (NER), a classic sequence labelling task, is an essential component of natural language understanding (NLU) systems in task-oriented dialog systems for slot filling. For well over a decade, different methods from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Pratik Jayarao , Chirag Jain , Aman Srivastava

The task of incomplete utterance rewriting has recently gotten much attention. Previous models struggled to extract information from the dialogue context, as evidenced by the low restoration scores. To address this issue, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Yunshan Chen