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Existing algorithms to solve alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) often exploit linear approximations to simplify system models and accelerate computations. In this paper, we improve a recent hierarchical OPF algorithm, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

This paper introduces a novel distributed optimization framework for large-scale AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, offering both theoretical convergence guarantees and rapid convergence in practice. By integrating smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinliang Dai , Yuning Jiang , Yi Guo , Colin N. Jones , Moritz Diehl , Veit Hagenmeyer

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) is one of the most fundamental optimization problems in electrical power systems. It can be formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP) with rank constraints. Solving AC OPF, that is, obtaining…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Burak Kocuk , Santanu S. Dey , X. Andy Sun

The alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem is central to modern power system operations, determining how electricity is generated and transmitted to maximize social welfare while respecting physical and operational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Ata Keskin

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is integral to the functioning of power systems, aiming to optimize generation dispatch while adhering to technical and operational constraints. These constraints are far from straightforward; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andrew Rosemberg , Mathieu Tanneau , Bruno Fanzeres , Joaquim Garcia , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is one of the fundamental problems in power systems operation. AC-OPF is traditionally cast as a constrained optimization problem that seeks optimal generation set points whilst fulfilling a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Henning Lange , Bingqing Chen , Mario Berges , Soummya Kar

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes the operating cost of an electric power system. Applications of convex relaxation techniques to the non-convex OPF problem have been of recent interest, including work using the Lasserre…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Daniel K. Molzahn , Cédric Josz , Ian A. Hiskens , Patrick Panciatici

This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Ahmed S. Zamzam , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is an important tool used to coordinate assets in electric power systems to ensure customer voltages are within pre-defined tolerances and to improve distribution system operations. While convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Michael D. Sankur , Roel Dobbe , Emma Stewart , Duncan S. Callaway , Daniel B. Arnold

The Optimal power flow (OPF) problem contains many constraints. However, equality constraints along with a limited set of active inequality constraints encompass sufficient information to determine the feasible space of the problem. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Fouad Hasan , Amin Kargarian , Javad Mohammadi

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes power system operating cost subject to both engineering and network constraints. With the potential to find global solutions, significant research interest has focused on convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-03 Daniel K. Molzahn , Ian A. Hiskens

Convex relaxation methods have been studied and used extensively to obtain an optimal solution to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. Meanwhile, convex relaxed power flow equations are also prerequisites for efficiently solving a wide…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Zhuang Tian , Wenchuan Wu

Solving the non-convex optimal power flow (OPF) problem for large-scale power distribution systems is computationally expensive. An alternative is to solve the relaxed convex problem or linear approximated problem, but these methods lead to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Rabayet Sadnan , Anamika Dubey

Real-time hierarchical energy-sharing markets are promising to coordinate large numbers of prosumers. Still, most existing clearing methods rely on linearized or DC power-flow models and do not explicitly handle reactive power or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Tonghua Liu , Yifan Su , Zhaojian Wang , Feng Liu

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

In this paper, we consider the optimal power flow (OPF) problem which consists in determining the power production at each bus of an electric network by minimizing the production cost. Our contribution is an exact solution algorithm for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Amélie Lambert

We propose a generic multistage stochastic model for the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) problem for radial distribution networks, to account for the random electricity production of renewable energy sources and dynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-19 Maxime Grangereau , Wim van Ackooij , Stéphane Gaubert

Energy market rules should incentivize market participants to behave in a market and grid conform way. However, they can also provide incentives for undesired and unexpected strategies if the market design is flawed. Multi-agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-02 Thomas Wolgast , Astrid Nieße

AC optimal power flow (AC~OPF) is a challenging non-convex optimization problem that plays a crucial role in power system operation and control. Recently developed convex relaxation techniques provide new insights regarding the global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-10 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn , Mariesa L. Crow