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For a graph $G$ and a tree-decomposition $(T, \mathcal{B})$ of $G$, the chromatic number of $(T, \mathcal{B})$ is the maximum of $\chi(G[B])$, taken over all bags $B \in \mathcal{B}$. The tree-chromatic number of $G$ is the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Tony Huynh , Ringi Kim

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $t$-tone edge coloring. A $t$-tone edge $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ assigns to each edge of $G$ a set of $t$ distinct colors from $\{1,\dots,k\}$ such that any two edges at distance $d$ share fewer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Hadeel Al Bazzal

For an integer $r>0$, a conditional $(k,r)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ such that every vertex $v$ of degree $d(v)$ in $G$ is adjacent to vertices with at least $min\{r, d(v)\}$ different colors.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-11-20 Xueliang Li , Xiangmei Yao , Wenli Zhou

Robin Thomas asked whether for every proper minor-closed class C, there exists a polynomial-time algorithm approximating the chromatic number of graphs from C up to a constant additive error independent on the class C. We show this is not…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Zdeněk Dvořák , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

The degree chromatic polynomial $Pm(G,k)$ of a graph $G$ counts the number of $k$-colorings in which no vertex has $m$ adjacent vertices of its same color. We prove Humpert and Martin's conjecture on the leading terms of the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-20 Diego Cifuentes

We introduce a new concept in graph coloring motivated by the popular Sudoku puzzle. Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of order $n$ with chromatic number $\chi(G)=k$ and let $S\subseteq V.$ Let $\mathscr C_0$ be a $k$-coloring of the induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-17 Gee-Choon Lau , J. Maria Jeyaseeli , Wai-Chee Shiu , S. Arumugam

A packing $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into sets $V_1,\ldots,V_k$ such that for each $1\leq i\leq k$ the distance between any two distinct $x,y\in V_i$ is at least $i+1$. The packing chromatic number, $\chi_p(G)$, of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-09 József Balogh , Alexandr Kostochka , Xujun Liu

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for every $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\left\lceil |V(G)|/k\right\rceil$ vertices. Equitable list-coloring was introduced by Kostochka,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Kirsten Hogenson , Dan Johnston , Suzanne O'Hara

DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. Motivated by results related to list coloring Cartesian products of graphs, we initiate the study of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-14 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Gunjan Sharma , Quinn Stratton

Independently posed by Behzad and Vizing, the Total Coloring Conjecture asserts that the total chromatic number of a simple connected graph $G$ is either $\Delta(G)+1$ or $\Delta(G)+2$, where $\Delta(G)$ is the largest degree of any vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-13 I. J. Dejter

An $r$-dynamic $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring such that for any vertex $v$, there are at least $\min\{r,\deg_G(v) \}$ distinct colors in $N_G(v)$. The $r$-dynamic chromatic number $\chi_r^d(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-25 Seog-Jin Kim , Boram Park

An exact $(k,d)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices with $k$ colors such that each vertex $v$ is adjacent to exactly $d$ vertices having the same color as $v$. The exact $d$-defective chromatic number, denoted…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-14 James Cumberbatch , Juho Lauri , Christodoulos Mitillos

An edge-locating coloring of a simple connected graph $G$ is a partition of its edge set into matchings such that the vertices of $G$ are distinguished by the distance to the matchings. The minimum number of the matchings of $G$ that admits…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 M. Korivand , D. A. Mojdeh , Edy Tri Baskoro , A. Erfanian

Given a graph $G$, a mutual-visibility coloring of $G$ is introduced as follows. We color two vertices $x,y\in V(G)$ with a same color, if there is a shortest $x,y$-path whose internal vertices have different colors than $x,y$. The smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Sandi Klavžar , Dorota Kuziak , Juan Carlos Valenzuela Tripodoro , Ismael G. Yero

We investigate the \textit{group sum chromatic number} ($\gchi(G)$) of graphs, i.e. the smallest value $s$ such that taking any Abelian group $\gr$ of order $s$, there exists a function $f:E(G)\rightarrow \gr$ such that the sums of edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-04 Marcin Anholcer , Sylwia Cichacz

Let $\chi'_k(G)$ denote the minimum number of colors needed to color the edges of a graph $G$ in a way that the subgraph spanned by the edges of each color has all degrees congruent to $1 \pmod k$. Scott [{\em Discrete Math. 175}, 1-3…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-17 Fábio Botler , Lucas Colucci , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa

A proper vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic threshold $\chi_{eq}^*(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that $G$ is equitably $n$-colorable for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Rong Luo , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , D. Christopher Stephens , Gexin Yu

The strong chromatic number, $\chi_S(G)$, of an $n$-vertex graph $G$ is the smallest number $k$ such that after adding $k\lceil n/k\rceil-n$ isolated vertices to $G$ and considering {\bf any} partition of the vertices of the resulting graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

Let $pr(K_{n}, G)$ be the maximum number of colors in an edge-coloring of $K_{n}$ with no properly colored copy of $G$. In this paper, we show that $pr(K_{n}, G)-ex(n, \mathcal{G'})=o(n^{2}), $ where $\mathcal{G'}=\{G-M: M \text{ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Chunqiu Fang , Ervin Győri , Jimeng Xiao

Chromatic-choosablility is a notion of fundamental importance in list coloring. A graph $G$ is chromatic-choosable when its chromatic number, $\chi(G)$, is equal to its list chromatic number $\chi_{\ell}(G)$. Flexible list coloring was…