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The ability to sequentially learn multiple tasks without forgetting is a key skill of biological brains, whereas it represents a major challenge to the field of deep learning. To avoid catastrophic forgetting, various continual learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Francesco Lässig , Pau Vilimelis Aceituno , Martino Sorbaro , Benjamin F. Grewe

Continual learning (CL) is an important technique to allow artificial neural networks to work in open environments. CL enables a system to learn new tasks without severe interference to its performance on old tasks, i.e., overcome the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Liangxuan Guo , Yang Chen , Shan Yu

When a computational system continuously learns from an ever-changing environment, it rapidly forgets its past experiences. This phenomenon is called catastrophic forgetting. While a line of studies has been proposed with respect to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-15 Haruka Asanuma , Shiro Takagi , Yoshihiro Nagano , Yuki Yoshida , Yasuhiko Igarashi , Masato Okada

Existing Continual Learning (CL) approaches have focused on addressing catastrophic forgetting by leveraging regularization methods, replay buffers, and task-specific components. However, realistic CL solutions must be shaped not only by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jinyung Hong , Theodore P. Pavlic

Continual Learning (CL) empowers AI models to continuously learn from sequential task streams. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)-based CL methods have garnered increasing attention due to their superior performance. They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Lingfeng He , De Cheng , Zhiheng Ma , Huaijie Wang , Dingwen Zhang , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Modern big-data systems generate massive, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed streams that are large-scale and privacy-sensitive, making centralization challenging. While federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-enhancing training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Obaidullah Zaland , Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan , Monowar Bhuyan

Continual learning (CL) is a major challenge of machine learning (ML) and describes the ability to learn several tasks sequentially without catastrophic forgetting (CF). Recent works indicate that CL is a complex topic, even more so when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

We present a novel class incremental learning approach based on deep neural networks, which continually learns new tasks with limited memory for storing examples in the previous tasks. Our algorithm is based on knowledge distillation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Minsoo Kang , Jaeyoo Park , Bohyung Han

Continual learning refers to the problem where the training data is available in sequential chunks, termed "tasks". The majority of progress in continual learning has been stunted by the problem of catastrophic forgetting, which is caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rajas Chitale , Ankit Vaidya , Aditya Kane , Archana Ghotkar

In this work, we introduce JDCL - a new method for continual learning with generative rehearsal based on joint diffusion models. Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting defined as abrupt loss in the model's performance when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Paweł Skierś , Kamil Deja

This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to learn new data without forgetting previously learned knowledge. The key to achieving this goal is to avoid confusion at the feature level, i.e., avoiding confusion within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shaoxu Cheng , Kanglei Geng , Chiyuan He , Zihuan Qiu , Linfeng Xu , Heqian Qiu , Lanxiao Wang , Qingbo Wu , Fanman Meng , Hongliang Li

The human brain is capable of learning tasks sequentially mostly without forgetting. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning one task after another. We address this challenge considering a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Aleksandr Dekhovich , David M. J. Tax , Marcel H. F. Sluiter , Miguel A. Bessa

Deep neural networks (DNNS) excel at learning from static datasets but struggle with continual learning, where data arrives sequentially. Catastrophic forgetting, the phenomenon of forgetting previously learned knowledge, is a primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 S Balasubramanian , M Sai Subramaniam , Sai Sriram Talasu , Yedu Krishna P , Manepalli Pranav Phanindra Sai , Ravi Mukkamala , Darshan Gera

Multimodal continual instruction tuning enables multimodal large language models to sequentially adapt to new tasks while building upon previously acquired knowledge. However, this continual learning paradigm faces the significant challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Songze Li , Mingyu Gao , Tonghua Su , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

When learning tasks over time, artificial neural networks suffer from a problem known as Catastrophic Forgetting (CF). This happens when the weights of a network are overwritten during the training of a new task causing forgetting of old…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Julio Hurtado , Alain Raymond-Saez , Alvaro Soto

Continual learning (CL) is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to evolving real-world demands, yet they are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting (CF). While traditional CF solutions rely on expensive data rehearsal, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huanxuan Liao , Shizhu He , Yupu Hao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Continual Learning (CL) seeks to build an agent that can continuously learn a sequence of tasks, where a key challenge, namely Catastrophic Forgetting, persists due to the potential knowledge interference among different tasks. On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zheng Wang , Wanhao Yu , Li Yang , Sen Lin

Deep neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple knowledge sequentially, and a growing number of approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem. Some of these methods achieved considerable performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Zhongzhan Huang , Mingfu Liang , Senwei Liang , Wei He

Nowadays, real-world data, including graph-structure data, often arrives in a streaming manner, which means that learning systems need to continuously acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziyang Cheng , Zhixun Li , Yuhan Li , Yixin Song , Kangyi Zhao , Dawei Cheng , Jia Li , Hong Cheng , Jeffrey Xu Yu