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Deep energy-based models are powerful, but pose challenges for learning and inference (Belanger and McCallum, 2016). Tu and Gimpel (2018) developed an efficient framework for energy-based models by training "inference networks" to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Lifu Tu , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kevin Gimpel

Regression models for supervised learning problems with a continuous target are commonly understood as models for the conditional mean of the target given predictors. This notion is simple and therefore appealing for interpretation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-09 Torsten Hothorn , Achim Zeileis

Decision trees and random forest remain highly competitive for classification on medium-sized, standard datasets due to their robustness, minimal preprocessing requirements, and interpretability. However, a single tree suffers from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong , Carey E. Priebe

Ensembles of decision trees are a useful tool for obtaining for obtaining flexible estimates of regression functions. Examples of these methods include gradient boosted decision trees, random forests, and Bayesian CART. Two potential…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-18 Antonio Ricardo Linero , Yun Yang

Decision tree learning is increasingly being used for pointwise inference. Important applications include causal heterogenous treatment effects and dynamic policy decisions, as well as conditional quantile regression and design of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Peter M. Tian

Random forests is a common non-parametric regression technique which performs well for mixed-type unordered data and irrelevant features, while being robust to monotonic variable transformations. Standard random forests, however, do not…

Computation · Statistics 2019-06-19 Taylor Pospisil , Ann B. Lee

This paper investigates the integration of gradient boosted decision trees and varying coefficient models. We introduce the tree boosted varying coefficient framework which justifies the implementation of decision tree boosting as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-03 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker

This paper considers the problem of invoking auxiliary, unobservable variables to facilitate the structuring of causal tree models for a given set of continuous variables. Paralleling the treatment of bi-valued variables in [Pearl 1986], we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Lei Xu , Judea Pearl

The wealth of data being gathered about humans and their surroundings drives new machine learning applications in various fields. Consequently, more and more often, classifiers are trained using not only numerical data but also complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Maciej Piernik , Dariusz Brzezinski , Pawel Zawadzki

While deep learning-based classification is generally tackled using standardized approaches, a wide variety of techniques are employed for regression. In computer vision, one particularly popular such technique is that of confidence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Goutam Bhat , Thomas B. Schön

The tree-based ensembles are known for their outstanding performance in classification and regression problems characterized by feature vectors represented by mixed-type variables from various ranges and domains. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Patryk Wielopolski , Maciej Zięba

Tree-structured neural networks encode a particular tree geometry for a sentence in the network design. However, these models have at best only slightly outperformed simpler sequence-based models. We hypothesize that neural sequence models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-10 Samuel R. Bowman , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

Regression methods for interval-valued data have been increasingly studied in recent years. As most of the existing works focus on linear models, it is important to note that many problems in practice are nonlinear in nature and therefore…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-11 Chih-Ching Yeh , Yan Sun , Adele Cutler

Decision trees are a popular family of models due to their attractive properties such as interpretability and ability to handle heterogeneous data. Concurrently, missing data is a prevalent occurrence that hinders performance of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Pasha Khosravi , Antonio Vergari , YooJung Choi , Yitao Liang , Guy Van den Broeck

We consider multi-class classification where the predictor has a hierarchical structure that allows for a very large number of labels both at train and test time. The predictive power of such models can heavily depend on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-06 Yacine Jernite , Anna Choromanska , David Sontag

Decision trees are widely used for non-linear modeling, as they capture interactions between predictors while producing inherently interpretable models. Despite their popularity, performing inference on the non-linear fit remains largely…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Soham Bakshi , Snigdha Panigrahi

Tree-based ensemble methods such as random forests, gradient-boosted trees, and Bayesianadditive regression trees have been successfully used for regression problems in many applicationsand research studies. In this paper, we study ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Alexandre Seiller , Éric Gaussier , Emilie Devijver , Marianne Clausel , Sami Alkhoury

The transition from traditional power grids to smart grids, significant increase in the use of renewable energy sources, and soaring electricity prices has triggered a digital transformation of the energy infrastructure that enables new,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Carolina Fortuna , Gregor Cerar , Blaz Bertalanic , Andrej Campa , Mihael Mohorcic

This paper deals with computation trees over an arbitrary structure consisting of a set along with collections of functions and predicates that are defined on it. It is devoted to the comparative analysis of three parameters of problems…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Mikhail Moshkov

Hierarchical tree structures are common in many real-world systems, from tree roots and branches to neuronal dendrites and biologically inspired artificial neural networks, as well as in technological networks for organizing and searching…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-04 Davide Cipollini , Lambert Schomaker