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Large Language Models (LLMs) are strong decoders for Serialized Output Training (SOT) in two-talker Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), yet their performance degrades substantially in challenging conditions such as three-talker mixtures. A…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hao Shi , Yuan Gao , Xugang Lu , Tatsuya Kawahara

Robust voice activity detection (VAD) is a challenging task in low signal-to-noise (SNR) environments. Recent studies show that speech enhancement is helpful to VAD, but the performance improvement is limited. To address this issue, here we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Xu Tan , Xiao-Lei Zhang

Transfer learning from high-resource languages is known to be an efficient way to improve end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) for low-resource languages. Pre-trained or jointly trained encoder-decoder models, however, do not share…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-12 Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Jiatao Gu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate and reliable responses that are grounded in retrieved context. However, LLMs often generate inconsistent outputs for semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xujun Peng , Anoop Kumar , Jingyu Wu , Parker Glenn , Daben Liu

Large pre-trained sequence models, such as transformer-based architectures, have been recently shown to have the capacity to carry out in-context learning (ICL). In ICL, a decision on a new input is made via a direct mapping of the input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Matteo Zecchin , Kai Yu , Osvaldo Simeone

Attention-based end-to-end models such as Listen, Attend and Spell (LAS), simplify the whole pipeline of traditional automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems and become popular in the field of speech recognition. In previous work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Ruchao Fan , Pan Zhou , Wei Chen , Jia Jia , Gang Liu

We propose gated language experts and curriculum training to enhance multilingual transformer transducer models without requiring language identification (LID) input from users during inference. Our method incorporates a gating mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Eric Sun , Jinyu Li , Yuxuan Hu , Yimeng Zhu , Long Zhou , Jian Xue , Peidong Wang , Linquan Liu , Shujie Liu , Edward Lin , Yifan Gong

This paper proposes a serialized multi-layer multi-head attention for neural speaker embedding in text-independent speaker verification. In prior works, frame-level features from one layer are aggregated to form an utterance-level…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Hongning Zhu , Kong Aik Lee , Haizhou Li

Alignment of large language models remains a central challenge in natural language processing. Preference optimization has emerged as a popular and effective method for improving alignment, typically through training-time or prompt-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Frédéric Berdoz , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , René Caky , Roger Wattenhofer

Neural front-ends are an appealing alternative to traditional, fixed feature extraction pipelines for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems since they can be directly trained to fit the acoustic model. However, their performance often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Peter Vieting , Maximilian Kannen , Benedikt Hilmes , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Existing visual token compression methods for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) predominantly operate as post-encoder modules, limiting their potential for efficiency gains. To address this limitation, we propose LaCo (Layer-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Juntao Liu , Liqiang Niu , Wenchao Chen , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng

While deep supervision is a powerful training strategy by supervising intermediate layers with auxiliary losses, it faces three underexplored problems: (I) Existing deep supervision techniques are generally bond with specific model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wei-Bin Kou , Guangxu Zhu , Yichen Jin , Bingyang Cheng , Shuai Wang , Ming Tang , Yik-Chung Wu

In this paper, we introduce a speech-conditioned Large Language Model (LLM) integrated with a Mixture of Experts (MoE) based connector to address the challenge of Code-Switching (CS) in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Specifically, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Fengrun Zhang , Wang Geng , Hukai Huang , Yahui Shan , Cheng Yi , He Qu

Recent methods for imitation learning directly learn a $Q$-function using an implicit reward formulation rather than an explicit reward function. However, these methods generally require implicit reward regularization to improve stability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Firas Al-Hafez , Davide Tateo , Oleg Arenz , Guoping Zhao , Jan Peters

The multi-decoder (MD) end-to-end speech translation model has demonstrated high translation quality by searching for better intermediate automatic speech recognition (ASR) decoder states as hidden intermediates (HI). It is a two-pass…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-28 Hirofumi Inaguma , Siddharth Dalmia , Brian Yan , Shinji Watanabe

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) augments large language models (LLMs) with the ability to invoke external tools during long-form reasoning, such as search engines and code interpreters, to solve tasks beyond the capabilities of internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongru Wang , Cheng Qian , Wanjun Zhong , Xiusi Chen , Jiahao Qiu , Shijue Huang , Bowen Jin , Mengdi Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Heng Ji

In this work, we introduce a simple yet efficient post-processing model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our model has Transformer-based encoder-decoder architecture which "translates" ASR model output into grammatically and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Oleksii Hrinchuk , Mariya Popova , Boris Ginsburg

The goal of Automatic Voice Over (AVO) is to generate speech in sync with a silent video given its text script. Recent AVO frameworks built upon text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) have shown impressive results. However, the current AVO learning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-30 Junchen Lu , Berrak Sisman , Mingyang Zhang , Haizhou Li

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become a dominant paradigm. Although recent LLM-based ASR models have shown promising performance on public benchmarks, it remains challenging to balance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Yuan Xie , Jiaqi Song , Guang Qiu , Xianliang Wang , Ming Lei , Jie Gao , Jie Wu

Traditional speech separation and speaker diarization approaches rely on prior knowledge of target speakers or a predetermined number of participants in audio signals. To address these limitations, recent advances focus on developing…

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