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One possible mechanism to explain how animals got their coat patterns was proposed by Alan Turing. He assumed that two kinds of morphogens diffuse on a surface and interact with each other, generating a reaction-diffusion mechanism. We…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-16 Michäel Dougoud , Christian Mazza , Beat Schwaller , Laszlo Pecze

We revisit the behavioral approach to systems theory and make explicit the abstract pattern that governs it. Our end goal is to use that pattern to understand interaction-related phenomena that emerge when systems interact. Rather than…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-26 Elie M. Adam , Munther A. Dahleh

Originating from the pioneering study of Alan Turing, the bifurcation analysis predicting spatial pattern formation from a spatially uniform state for diffusing morphogens or chemical species that interact through nonlinear reactions is a…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2023-01-18 Merlin Pelz , Michael J. Ward

Battiston et al. (arXiv:2110.06023) provide a comprehensive overview of how investigations of complex systems should take into account interactions between more than two elements, which can be modelled by hypergraphs and studied via…

Many complex systems often contain interactions between more than two nodes, known as higher-order interactions, which can change the structure of these systems in significant ways. Researchers often assume that all interactions paint a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-16 Nicholas W. Landry , Ilya Amburg , Mirah Shi , Sinan G. Aksoy

Granular materials are ubiquitous in our daily lives. While they have been a subject of intensive engineering research for centuries, in the last decade granular matter attracted significant attention of physicists. Yet despite a major…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 Igor S. Aranson , Lev S. Tsimring

To understand the formation, evolution, and function of complex systems, it is crucial to understand the internal organization of their interaction networks. Partly due to the impossibility of visualizing large complex networks, resolving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-11-30 Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

We present a general framework that enables one to model high-order interaction among entangled dynamical systems, via hypergraphs. Several relevant processes can be ideally traced back to the proposed scheme. We shall here solely elaborate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-06 Timoteo Carletti , Duccio Fanelli

A social interaction (so-called higher-order event/interaction) can be regarded as the activation of the hyperlink among the corresponding individuals. Social interactions can be, thus, represented as higher-order temporal networks, that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-12 H. A. Bart Peters , Alberto Ceria , Huijuan Wang

Diffusion-driven instability is a fundamental mechanism underlying pattern formation in spatially extended systems. In almost all existing works, diffusion across the links of the underlying network is modeled through scalar weights,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-16 Anna Gallo , Wilfried Segnou , Timoteo Carletti

Numerical simulations of a simple reaction--diffusion model reveal a surprising variety of irregular spatio--temporal patterns. These patterns arise in response to finite--amplitude perturbations. Some of them resemble the steady irregular…

patt-sol · Physics 2009-10-22 John E. Pearson

This is one of the two papers where the optimized perturbation theory was first formulated. The other paper is published in Theor. Math. Phys. 28, 652--660 (1976). The main idea of the theory is to reorganize the perturbative sequence by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-29 V. I. Yukalov

Many real-world phenomena are naturally modeled by graphs and networks. However, classical graph models are often limited to pairwise interactions and may not adequately capture the richer structures that arise in practice. Higher-order…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

This paper addresses the question of how population diffusion affects the formation of the spatial patterns in the spatial epidemic model by Turing mechanisms. In particular, we present theoretical analysis to results of the numerical…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-09-29 Quan-Xing Liu , Zhen Jin

Collective robotic systems are biologically inspired and advantageous due to their apparent global intelligence and emergent behaviors. Many applications can benefit from the incorporation of collectives, including environmental monitoring,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Karina A. Roundtree , Jason R. Cody , Jennifer Leaf , H. Onan Demirel , Julie A. Adams

Imitation is a basic updating mechanism for strategy evolution in structured populations, determining how individuals sample social information and translate it into behavioral changes. Higher-order networks, such as hypergraphs, generalize…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Bingxin Lin , Lei Zhou , Hao Fang

We introduce time-ordered multibody interactions to describe complex systems manifesting temporal as well as multibody dependencies. First, we show how the dynamics of multivariate Markov chains can be decomposed in ensembles of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-17 Unai Alvarez-Rodriguez , Luka V. Petrović , Ingo Scholtes

Interacting networks are different in nature to single networks. The study of queuing processes on interacting networks is underdeveloped. It presents new mathematical challenges and is of importance to applications. This area of operations…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Maria Vlasiou

Many real-world interactions (e.g., researcher collaborations and email communication) occur among multiple entities. These group interactions are naturally modeled as hypergraphs. In graphs, transitivity is helpful to understand the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Sunwoo Kim , Fanchen Bu , Minyoung Choe , Jaemin Yoo , Kijung Shin

This letter seeks to illuminate the profound connection between complexity, self-organization, emergent behaviour, pattern formation, and entropy concepts that are foundational to understanding our universe. By examining these ideas through…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-03-25 Vinesh Vijayan , Karpagavalli K , Sandhiya Jenifer J , Prakash R