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Saliency methods can make deep neural network predictions more interpretable by identifying a set of critical features in an input sample, such as pixels that contribute most strongly to a prediction made by an image classifier.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yang Lu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , William Stafford Noble

The black-box nature of the deep networks makes the explanation for "why" they make certain predictions extremely challenging. Saliency maps are one of the most widely-used local explanation tools to alleviate this problem. One of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Saeed Khorram , Tyler Lawson , Fuxin Li

Increasing demands for understanding the internal behavior of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have led to remarkable improvements in explanation methods. Particularly, several class activation mapping (CAM) based methods, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Hyungsik Jung , Youngrock Oh

The generalization performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) is a critical factor in achieving robust model behavior on unseen data. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of sharpness-based measures in promoting generalization by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mohamed Hassan , Aleksandar Vakanski , Boyu Zhang , Min Xian

Saliency maps have proven to be a highly efficacious approach for explicating the decisions of Convolutional Neural Networks. However, extant methodologies predominantly rely on gradients, which constrain their ability to explicate complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zijian Ying , Qianmu Li , Zhichao Lian , Jun Hou , Tong Lin , Tao Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success across domains but remain difficult to interpret, limiting their trustworthiness in high-stakes applications. This paper focuses on deep vision models, for which a dominant line…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Qiming Zhao , Xingjian Li , Xiaoyu Cao , Xiaolong Wu , Min Xu

Existing saliency-guided training approaches improve model generalization by incorporating a loss term that compares the model's class activation map (CAM) for a sample's true-class ({\it i.e.}, correct-label class) against a human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka

Currently available methods for extracting saliency maps identify parts of the input which are the most important to a specific fixed classifier. We show that this strong dependence on a given classifier hinders their performance. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Konrad Zolna , Krzysztof J. Geras , Kyunghyun Cho

In this paper, we propose several novel deep learning methods for object saliency detection based on the powerful convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify an input image based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-07 Hengyue Pan , Bo Wang , Hui Jiang

In this paper, we propose a fast deep learning method for object saliency detection using convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify the input images based on the pixel-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Hengyue Pan , Hui Jiang

The Grad-CAM algorithm provides a way to identify what parts of an image contribute most to the output of a classifier deep network. The algorithm is simple and widely used for localization of objects in an image, although some researchers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Miguel Lerma , Mirtha Lucas

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve prevailing results in segmentation tasks nowadays and represent the state-of-the-art for image-based analysis. However, the understanding of the accurate decision-making process of a CNN is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Tillmann Rheude , Andreas Wirtz , Arjan Kuijper , Stefan Wesarg

Saliency maps are often used in computer vision to provide intuitive interpretations of what input regions a model has used to produce a specific prediction. A number of approaches to saliency map generation are available, but most require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Mamuku Mokuwe , Michael Burke , Anna Sergeevna Bosman

This paper proposes a new gradient-based XAI method called Guided AbsoluteGrad for saliency map explanations. We utilize both positive and negative gradient magnitudes and employ gradient variance to distinguish the important areas for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jun Huang , Yan Liu

Class activation mapping~(CAM), a visualization technique for interpreting deep learning models, is now commonly used for weakly supervised semantic segmentation~(WSSS) and object localization~(WSOL). It is the weighted aggregation of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jiatai Lin , Guoqiang Han , Xuemiao Xu , Changhong Liang , Tien-Tsin Wong , C. L. Philip Chen , Zaiyi Liu , Chu Han

Decisions made by convolutional neural networks(CNN) can be understood and explained by visualizing discriminative regions on images. To this end, Class Activation Map (CAM) based methods were proposed as powerful interpretation tools,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Yi Liao , Yongsheng Gao , Weichuan Zhang

Weakly supervised object localization has recently attracted attention since it aims to identify both class labels and locations of objects by using image-level labels. Most previous methods utilize the activation map corresponding to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Seunghan Yang , Yoonhyung Kim , Youngeun Kim , Changick Kim

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a powerful technique used to understand the decision making of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in computer vision. Recently, there have been attempts not only to generate better visual explanations, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Kwang Hee Lee , Chaewon Park , Junghyun Oh , Nojun Kwak

Training Artificial Neural Networks poses a challenging and critical problem in machine learning. Despite the effectiveness of gradient-based learning methods, such as Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), in training neural networks, they do…

It is known that deep neural networks (DNNs) classify an input image by paying particular attention to certain specific pixels; a graphical representation of the magnitude of attention to each pixel is called a saliency-map. Saliency-maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Satoshi Munakata , Caterina Urban , Haruki Yokoyama , Koji Yamamoto , Kazuki Munakata