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This paper has dual aims. First is to develop practical universal coding methods for unlabeled graphs. Second is to use these for graph anomaly detection. The paper develops two coding methods for unlabeled graphs: one based on the degree…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Anders Host-Madsen , June Zhang

Anomaly detection is one of the most active research areas in various critical domains, such as healthcare, fintech, and public security. However, little attention has been paid to scholarly data, i.e., anomaly detection in a citation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Jiaying Liu , Feng Xia , Xu Feng , Jing Ren , Huan Liu

Cross-domain graph anomaly detection (CD-GAD) describes the problem of detecting anomalous nodes in an unlabelled target graph using auxiliary, related source graphs with labelled anomalous and normal nodes. Although it presents a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Qizhou Wang , Guansong Pang , Mahsa Salehi , Wray Buntine , Christopher Leckie

Graph-based anomaly detection finds numerous applications in the real-world. Thus, there exists extensive literature on the topic that has recently shifted toward deep detection models due to advances in deep learning and graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Lingxiao Zhao , Saurabh Sawlani , Arvind Srinivasan , Leman Akoglu

This paper studies detecting anomalous edges in directed graphs that model social networks. We exploit edge exchangeability as a criterion for distinguishing anomalous edges from normal edges. Then we present an anomaly detector based on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Rui Luo , Buddhika Nettasinghe , Vikram Krishnamurthy

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to detect outliers in graph-structured data, has received increasing research attention recently. However, existing GAD methods assume identical training and testing distributions, which is rarely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junjun Pan , Yixin Liu , Chuan Zhou , Fei Xiong , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Shirui Pan

In the real world, anomalous entities often add more legitimate connections while hiding direct links with other anomalous entities, leading to heterophilic structures in anomalous networks that most GNN-based techniques fail to address.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zengyi Wo , Wenjun Wang , Minglai Shao , Chang Liu , Yumeng Wang , Yueheng Sun

Financial fraud refers to the act of obtaining financial benefits through dishonest means. Such behavior not only disrupts the order of the financial market but also harms economic and social development and breeds other illegal and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuxin Dong , Jianhua Yao , Jiajing Wang , Yingbin Liang , Shuhan Liao , Minheng Xiao

With the growing complexity of cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructures such as water treatment networks, there is a pressing need for robust anomaly detection strategies that account for both system vulnerabilities and evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Haoyue Bai , Dongjie Wang , Yanjie Fu

Fraud detection aims to discover fraudsters deceiving other users by, for example, leaving fake reviews or making abnormal transactions. Graph-based fraud detection methods consider this task as a classification problem with two classes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Heehyeon Kim , Jinhyeok Choi , Joyce Jiyoung Whang

Unsupervised GAD methods assume the lack of anomaly labels, i.e., whether a node is anomalous or not. One common observation we made from previous unsupervised methods is that they not only assume the absence of such anomaly labels, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Junghoon Kim , Yeonjun In , Kanghoon Yoon , Junmo Lee , Chanyoung Park

Graph-Level Anomaly Detection (GLAD) aims to distinguish anomalous graphs within a graph dataset. However, current methods are constrained by their receptive fields, struggling to learn global features within the graphs. Moreover, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Fan Xu , Nan Wang , Hao Wu , Xuezhi Wen , Dalin Zhang , Siyang Lu , Binyong Li , Wei Gong , Hai Wan , Xibin Zhao

This paper considers an important Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) task, namely open-set GAD, which aims to train a detection model using a small number of normal and anomaly nodes (referred to as seen anomalies) to detect both seen anomalies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Qizhou Wang , Guansong Pang , Mahsa Salehi , Xiaokun Xia , Christopher Leckie

Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) in heterogeneous networks presents unique challenges due to node and edge heterogeneity. Existing Graph Neural Network (GNN) methods primarily focus on homogeneous GAD and thus fail to address three key issues:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiping Li , Xiangyu Dong , Xingyi Zhang , Kun Xie , Yuanhao Feng , Bo Wang , Guilin Li , Wuxiong Zeng , Xiujun Shu , Sibo Wang

Fraud detection on graph data can be viewed as a demanding task that requires distinguishing between different types of nodes. Because graph neural networks (GNNs) are naturally suited for processing information encoded in graph form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wei He , Wensheng Gan , Philip S. Yu

Detecting anomalous edges in dynamic graphs is an important task in many applications over evolving triple-based data, such as social networks, transaction management, and epidemiology. A major challenge with this task is the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Chang Zong , Yueting Zhuang , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu

Given high-dimensional time series data (e.g., sensor data), how can we detect anomalous events, such as system faults and attacks? More challengingly, how can we do this in a way that captures complex inter-sensor relationships, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ailin Deng , Bryan Hooi

Anomaly detection in continuous-time dynamic graphs is an emerging field yet under-explored in the context of learning algorithms. In this paper, we pioneer structured analyses of link-level anomalies and graph representation learning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tim Poštuvan , Claas Grohnfeldt , Michele Russo , Giulio Lovisotto

A multitude of toxic online behaviors, ranging from network attacks to anonymous traffic and spam, have severely disrupted the smooth operation of networks. Due to the inherent sender-receiver nature of network behaviors, graph-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ziqi Yuan , Haoyi Zhou , Tianyu Chen , Jianxin Li

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is critical for identifying abnormal nodes in graph-structured data from diverse domains, including cybersecurity and social networks. The existing GAD methods often focus on the learning paradigms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yixin Liu , Shiyuan Li , Yu Zheng , Qingfeng Chen , Chengqi Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Shirui Pan
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