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Many modern biological assays, including RNA sequencing, yield integer-valued counts that reflect the number of molecules detected. These measurements are often not at the desired resolution: while the unit of interest is typically a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Nic Fishman , Gokul Gowri , Tanush Kumar , Jiaqi Lu , Valentin de Bortoli , Jonathan S. Gootenberg , Omar Abudayyeh

Erwin Schroedinger posed, and to a large extent solved in 1931/32 the problem of finding the most likely random evolution between two continuous probability distributions. This article considers this problem in the case when only samples of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-07 Michele Pavon , Esteban G Tabak , Giulio Trigila

We propose a novel generative model for time series based on Schr{\"o}dinger bridge (SB) approach. This consists in the entropic interpolation via optimal transport between a reference probability measure on path space and a target measure…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-12 Mohamed Hamdouche , Pierre Henry-Labordere , Huyên Pham

We present simulation-free score and flow matching ([SF]$^2$M), a simulation-free objective for inferring stochastic dynamics given unpaired samples drawn from arbitrary source and target distributions. Our method generalizes both the…

Computational methods for learning to sample from the Boltzmann distribution -- where the target distribution is known only up to an unnormalized energy function -- have advanced significantly recently. Due to the lack of explicit target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Guan-Horng Liu , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen , Benjamin Kurt Miller , Ricky T. Q. Chen

Solving transport problems, i.e. finding a map transporting one given distribution to another, has numerous applications in machine learning. Novel mass transport methods motivated by generative modeling have recently been proposed, e.g.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-13 Yuyang Shi , Valentin De Bortoli , Andrew Campbell , Arnaud Doucet

The advance of diffusion-based generative models in recent years has revolutionized state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in a wide variety of image analysis and synthesis tasks, whereas their adaptation on image restoration, particularly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Luzhe Huang , Xiongye Xiao , Shixuan Li , Jiawen Sun , Yi Huang , Aydogan Ozcan , Paul Bogdan

Machine learning enables unbinned, highly-differential cross section measurements. A recent idea uses generative models to morph a starting simulation into the unfolded data. We show how to extend two morphing techniques, Schr\"odinger…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-25 Anja Butter , Sascha Diefenbacher , Nathan Huetsch , Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman , Sofia Palacios Schweitzer , Tilman Plehn

It is a crucial challenge to reconstruct population dynamics using unlabeled samples from distributions at coarse time intervals. Recent approaches such as flow-based models or Schr\"odinger Bridge (SB) models have demonstrated appealing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-06 Tianrong Chen , Guan-Horng Liu , Molei Tao , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Diffusion models have recently shown promise in time series forecasting, particularly for probabilistic predictions. However, they often fail to achieve state-of-the-art point estimation performance compared to regression-based methods.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hang Ding , Xue Wang , Tian Zhou , Tao Yao

Imitation learning with diffusion models has advanced robotic control by capturing the multi-modal action distributions. However, existing methods typically treat observations only as high-level conditions to the denoising network, rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaoyang Liu , Mokai Pan , Zhongyi Wang , Kaizhen Zhu , Haotao Lu , Haipeng Zhang , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Diffusion models (DMs), which enable both image generation from noise and inversion from data, have inspired powerful unpaired image-to-image (I2I) translation algorithms. However, they often require a larger number of neural function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Jeongsol Kim , Beomsu Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Recent diffusion probabilistic models (DPM) in the field of pansharpening have been gradually gaining attention and have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. In this paper, we identify shortcomings in directly applying DPMs to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zihan Cao , Xiao Wu , Liang-Jian Deng

Learning diffusion bridge models is easy; making them fast and practical is an art. Diffusion bridge models (DBMs) are a promising extension of diffusion models for applications in image-to-image translation. However, like many modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nikita Gushchin , David Li , Daniil Selikhanovych , Evgeny Burnaev , Dmitry Baranchuk , Alexander Korotin

The proposed BSDE-based diffusion model represents a novel approach to diffusion modeling, which extends the application of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in machine learning. Unlike traditional SDE-based diffusion models, our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Zihao Wang

Score-based methods, such as diffusion models and Bayesian inverse problems, are often interpreted as learning the data distribution in the low-noise limit ($\sigma \to 0$). In this work, we propose an alternative perspective: their success…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xiang Li , Zebang Shen , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Niao He

Diffusion models, a powerful and universal generative AI technology, have achieved tremendous success in computer vision, audio, reinforcement learning, and computational biology. In these applications, diffusion models provide flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Minshuo Chen , Song Mei , Jianqing Fan , Mengdi Wang

We propose closed-form conditional diffusion models for data assimilation. Diffusion models use data to learn the score function (defined as the gradient of the log-probability density of a data distribution), allowing them to generate new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Brianna Binder , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Assad Oberai

Geophysical inverse problems are often ill-posed and admit multiple solutions. Conventional discriminative methods typically yield a single deterministic solution, which fails to model the posterior distribution, cannot generate diverse…

Diffusion-based models have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in image restoration tasks; however, their iterative denoising process, which starts from Gaussian noise, often leads to slow inference speeds. The Image-to-Image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Yuang Wang , Siyeop Yoon , Pengfei Jin , Matthew Tivnan , Sifan Song , Zhennong Chen , Rui Hu , Li Zhang , Quanzheng Li , Zhiqiang Chen , Dufan Wu