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The stringent requirements of a 1,000 times increase in data traffic and one millisecond round trip latency have made limiting the potentially tremendous ensuing energy consumption one of the most challenging problems for the design of the…
After about a decade of intense research, spurred by both economic and operational considerations, and by environmental concerns, energy efficiency has now become a key pillar in the design of communication networks. With the advent of the…
The densification and expansion of wireless networks pose new challenges on energy efficiency. With a drastic increase of infrastructure nodes (e.g. ultra-dense deployment of small cells), the total energy consumption may easily exceed an…
Mobile communications have been undergoing a generational change every ten years or so. However, the time difference between the so-called "G's" is also decreasing. While fifth-generation (5G) systems are becoming a commercial reality,…
6th Generation (6G) mobile networks are envisioned to support several new capabilities and data-centric applications for unprecedented number of users, potentially raising significant energy efficiency and sustainability concerns. This…
In this survey, we discuss the role of energy in the design of future mobile networks and, in particular, we advocate and elaborate on the use of energy harvesting (EH) hardware as a means to decrease the environmental footprint of 5G…
While the 5G technology of cellular communications promises great capacity and coverage to access information anywhere and anytime, it is feared to have huge power consumption. Significant research been has been directed towards solving…
With infrastructure systems lasting for decades, even centuries, there is growing need to assess sustainability impacts. However, compared to energy or transportation networks (which each contribute roughly one third of global emissions),…
Sensing will be a key technology in 6G networks, enabling a plethora of new sensing-enabled use cases. Some of the use cases relate to deployments over a wide physical area that needs to be sensed by multiple sensing sources at different…
The 6G mobile network is the next evolutionary step after 5G, with a prediction of an explosive surge in mobile traffic. It provides ultra-low latency, higher data rates, high device density, and ubiquitous coverage, positively impacting…
The sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) can play a central role in shaping a sustainable future, the most compelling contemporary challenge. Connecting the unconnected, reducing carbon emissions of vertical sectors, and allowing…
5G networks are expected to achieve gigabit-level throughput in future cellular networks. However, it is a great challenge to treat 5G wireless backhaul traffic in an effective way. In this article, we analyze the wireless backhaul traffic…
The transition to 6G is expected to bring significant advancements, including much higher data rates, enhanced reliability and ultra-low latency compared to previous generations. Although 6G is anticipated to be 100 times more energy…
Reliable data connectivity is vital for the ever increasingly intelligent, automated and ubiquitous digital world. Mobile networks are the data highways and, in a fully connected, intelligent digital world, will need to connect everything,…
The carbon footprint concern in the development and deployment of 5G new radio systems has drawn the attention to several stakeholders. In this article, we analyze the critical power consuming component of all candidate 5G system…
The increasing environmental impact of the telecom industry has heightened the need for sustainable telecommunications networks. With skyrocketing data traffic and 5G gaining a foothold, telecom operators are under pressure to sustain…
Renewable energy harvesting (EH) technology is expected to be pervasively utilized in the next generation (5G) mobile networks to support sustainable network developments and operations. However, the renewable energy supply is inherently…
Energy efficiency in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall environment effects. This emerging trend of achieving energy efficiency in cellular…
As wearable devices become more ingrained in our daily lives, traditional communication networks primarily designed for human being-oriented applications are facing tremendous challenges. The upcoming 5G wireless system aims to support…
The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are envisaged to enable a plethora of breakthrough advancements in wireless technologies, providing support of a diverse set of services over a single platform. While the deployment of 5G systems is…