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Mixed-consistency programming models assist programmers in designing applications that provide high availability while still ensuring application-specific safety invariants. However, existing models often make specific system assumptions,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Julian Haas , Ragnar Mogk , Annette Bieniusa , Mira Mezini

In Opportunistic Networks (OppNets), the dissemination of information can only rely on transient pairwise radio contacts between mobile devices (peers). Designing distributed applications that can run in such conditions is a challenge, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Frédéric Guidec , Yves Mahéo

Distributed systems address the increasing demand for fast access to resources and fault tolerance for data. However, due to scalability requirements, software developers need to trade consistency for performance. For certain data,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Xin Zhao , Philipp Haller

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) and the local-first concept are increasingly employed not only in small-scale collaboration systems among few users who trust each other, but also in large-scale systems, like Matrix for instant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Florian Jacob , Johanna Stuber , Hannes Hartenstein

Replication ensures data availability in fault-prone distributed systems. The celebrated CAP theorem stipulates that replicas cannot guarantee both strong consistency and availability under network partitions. A popular alternative, adopted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Petr Kuznetsov , Maxence Perion , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Internet-scale distributed systems often replicate data at multiple geographic locations to provide low latency and high availability. The Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) is a framework that provides a principled approach to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Yuqi Zhang , Yu Huang , Hengfeng Wei , Xiaoxing Ma

A collaboration framework is a distributed system that serves as the data layer for a collaborative app. Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are a promising theoretical technique for implementing collaboration frameworks. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Matthew Weidner , Huairui Qi , Maxime Kjaer , Ria Pradeep , Benito Geordie , Yicheng Zhang , Gregory Schare , Xuan Tang , Sicheng Xing , Heather Miller

Um CRDT \'e um tipo de dados que pode ser replicado e modificado concorrentemente sem coordena\c{c}\~ao, garantindo-se a converg\^encia das r\'eplicas atrav\'es da resolu\c{c}\~ao autom\'atica de conflitos. Cada CRDT implementa uma…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-11 André Rijo , Carla Ferreira , Nuno Preguiça

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in computer-aided design (CAD), particularly for automated debugging and verification within electronic design automation (EDA) tools. However, Design for Testability (DFT)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haomin Qi , Yuyang Du , Lihao Zhang , Soung Chang Liew , Kexin Chen , Yining Du

Automated feedback generation for introductory programming assignments is useful for programming education. Most works try to generate feedback to correct a student program by comparing its behavior with an instructor's reference program on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Umair Z. Ahmed , Zhiyu Fan , Jooyong Yi , Omar I. Al-Bataineh , Abhik Roychoudhury

Resource Description Framework (RDF) can seen as a solution in today's landscape of knowledge representation research. An RDF language has symmetrical features because subjects and objects in triples can be interchangeably used. Moreover,…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Dominik Tomaszuk , David Hyland-Wood

This paper introduces VeriThoughts, a novel dataset designed for reasoning-based Verilog code generation. We establish a new benchmark framework grounded in formal verification methods to evaluate the quality and correctness of generated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Patrick Yubeaton , Andre Nakkab , Weihua Xiao , Luca Collini , Ramesh Karri , Chinmay Hegde , Siddharth Garg

CRDTs are distributed data types that make eventual consistency of a distributed object possible and non ad-hoc. Specifically, state-based CRDTs ensure convergence through disseminating the en- tire state, that may be large, and merging it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-04 Paulo Sérgio Almeida , Ali Shoker , Carlos Baquero

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are distributed data structures designed for fault tolerance and high availability. CRDTs have historically been taxonomized into state-based CRDTs, in which replicas apply updates locally and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Nathan Liittschwager , Jonathan Castello , Stelios Tsampas , Lindsey Kuper

Large-scale replicated data type stores often resort to eventual consistency to guarantee low latency and high availability. It is widely accepted that programming over eventually consistent data stores is challenging, since arbitrary…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Lintian Shi , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Huang , Hengfeng Wei , Xiaoxing Ma

Automating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) offers substantial promise for streamlining digital circuit design and reducing human effort. However, current LLM-based approaches face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiting Wang , Guoheng Sun , Wanghao Ye , Gang Qu , Ang Li

We introduce Conflict-Aware Replicated Data Types (CARDs). CARDs are significantly more expressive than Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) as they support operations that can conflict with each other. Introducing conflicting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Nicholas V. Lewchenko , Arjun Radhakrishna , Akash Gaonkar , Pavol Černý

To ensure high availability in large scale distributed systems, Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) relax consistency by allowing immediate query and update operations at the local replica, with no need for remote synchronization.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Vitor Enes , Paulo Sérgio Almeida , Carlos Baquero , João Leitão

Collaborative Data Sharing is widely noticed to be essential for distributed systems. Among several proposed strategies, conflict-free techniques are considered useful for serverless concurrent systems. They aim at making shared data be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Masato Takeichi

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) succeeds in reasoning tasks (e.g., math and code) by checking the final verifiable answer (i.e., a verifiable dot signal). However, extending this paradigm to open-ended generation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Qiyuan Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Liangyou Li , Jierun Chen , Chaofan Tao , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang