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This paper focuses on supervised and unsupervised online label shift, where the class marginals $Q(y)$ varies but the class-conditionals $Q(x|y)$ remain invariant. In the unsupervised setting, our goal is to adapt a learner, trained on some…

This paper addresses the prevalent issue of label shift in an online setting with missing labels, where data distributions change over time and obtaining timely labels is challenging. While existing methods primarily focus on adjusting or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ruihan Wu , Siddhartha Datta , Yi Su , Dheeraj Baby , Yu-Xiang Wang , Kilian Q. Weinberger

We consider a semi-supervised classification problem with non-stationary label-shift in which we observe a labelled data set followed by a sequence of unlabelled covariate vectors in which the marginal probabilities of the class labels may…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Henry W J Reeve

Machine learning models often encounter distribution shifts when deployed in the real world. In this paper, we focus on adaptation to label distribution shift in the online setting, where the test-time label distribution is continually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Ruihan Wu , Chuan Guo , Yi Su , Kilian Q. Weinberger

We introduce the problem of domain adaptation under Open Set Label Shift (OSLS) where the label distribution can change arbitrarily and a new class may arrive during deployment, but the class-conditional distributions p(x|y) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Saurabh Garg , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Zachary C. Lipton

Models trained with offline data often suffer from continual distribution shifts and expensive labeling in changing environments. This calls for a new online learning paradigm where the learner can continually adapt to changing environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Shiji Zhou , Han Zhao , Shanghang Zhang , Lianzhe Wang , Heng Chang , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

We study the domain adaptation problem with label shift in this work. Under the label shift context, the marginal distribution of the label varies across the training and testing datasets, while the conditional distribution of features…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-31 Qinglong Tian , Xin Zhang , Jiwei Zhao

The label shift problem refers to the supervised learning setting where the train and test label distributions do not match. Existing work addressing label shift usually assumes access to an \emph{unlabelled} test sample. This sample may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Jingzhao Zhang , Aditya Menon , Andreas Veit , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Sanjiv Kumar , Suvrit Sra

Label shift, a prevalent challenge in supervised learning, arises when the class prior distribution of test data differs from that of training data, leading to significant degradation in classifier performance. To accurately estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiawei Hu , Javier A. Barria

What sorts of structure might enable a learner to discover classes from unlabeled data? Traditional approaches rely on feature-space similarity and heroic assumptions on the data. In this paper, we introduce unsupervised learning under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Manley Roberts , Pranav Mani , Saurabh Garg , Zachary C. Lipton

Online machine learning systems need to adapt to domain shifts. Meanwhile, acquiring label at every timestep is expensive. We propose a surprisingly simple algorithm that adaptively balances its regret and its number of label queries in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yining Chen , Haipeng Luo , Tengyu Ma , Chicheng Zhang

In real-world applications, machine learning models face online label shift, where label distributions change over time. Effective adaptation requires careful learning rate selection: too low slows adaptation and too high causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Heewon Park , Mugon Joe , Miru Kim , Minhae Kwon

We propose Regularized Learning under Label shifts (RLLS), a principled and a practical domain-adaptation algorithm to correct for shifts in the label distribution between a source and a target domain. We first estimate importance weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anqi Liu , Fanny Yang , Animashree Anandkumar

Adversarial learning has demonstrated good performance in the unsupervised domain adaptation setting, by learning domain-invariant representations. However, recent work has shown limitations of this approach when label distributions differ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Remi Tachet , Han Zhao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Geoff Gordon

Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Object Detection (UDA-OD) uses unlabelled data to improve the reliability of robotic vision systems in open-world environments. Previous approaches to UDA-OD based on self-training have been effective in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Nicolas Harvey Chapman , Feras Dayoub , Will Browne , Christopher Lehnert

Complementary-label learning is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each training example is associated with one or multiple complementary labels indicating the classes to which it does not belong. Existing consistent approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wei Wang , Takashi Ishida , Yu-Jie Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We study the open-set label shift problem, where the test data may include a novel class absent from training. This setting is challenging because both the class proportions and the distribution of the novel class are not identifiable…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Siyan Liu , Yukun Liu , Qinglong Tian , Pengfei Li , Jing Qin

The expansion of machine learning into dynamic environments presents challenges in handling open-world problems where label shift, covariate shift, and unknown classes emerge. Post-training methods have been explored to address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Miru Kim , Mugon Joe , Minhae Kwon

An open challenge in supervised learning is \emph{conceptual drift}: a data point begins as classified according to one label, but over time the notion of that label changes. Beyond linear autoregressive models, transfer and meta learning…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Amrit Singh Bedi , Alec Koppel , Ketan Rajawat , Brian M. Sadler

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve performance by exploiting unlabeled data when labels are scarce. Conventional SSL studies typically assume close environments where important factors (e.g., label, feature, distribution)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lan-Zhe Guo , Lin-Han Jia , Jie-Jing Shao , Yu-Feng Li
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