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Actor-critic algorithms learn an explicit policy (actor), and an accompanying value function (critic). The actor performs actions in the environment, while the critic evaluates the actor's current policy. However, despite their stability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Hélène Plisnier , Denis Steckelmacher , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé

Action advising is a knowledge transfer technique for reinforcement learning based on the teacher-student paradigm. An expert teacher provides advice to a student during training in order to improve the student's sample efficiency and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Yue Guo , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Ruiyu Li , Dana Hughes , Fei Fang , Katia Sycara

Value-based methods of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), especially the value decomposition methods, have been demonstrated on a range of challenging cooperative tasks. However, current methods pay little attention to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xiaoteng Ma , Yiqin Yang , Chenghao Li , Yiwen Lu , Qianchuan Zhao , Yang Jun

This paper develops a control-theoretic framework for analyzing agentic systems embedded within feedback control loops, where an AI agent may adapt controller parameters, select among control strategies, invoke external tools, reconfigure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Ali Eslami , Jiangbo Yu

Recent years, multimodal models have made remarkable strides and pave the way for intelligent browser use agents. However, when solving tasks on real world webpages in multi-turn, long-horizon trajectories, current agents still suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Kaiwen He , Zhiwei Wang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Obtaining reliable feedback from the environment is a fundamental capability for intelligent agents to evaluate the correctness of their actions and to accumulate reusable knowledge. However, most existing approaches rely on predefined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hong Su

Intelligent systems have the ability to improve their behaviour over time taking observations, experiences or explicit feedback into account. Traditional approaches separate the learning problem and make isolated use of techniques from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Simon Reichhuber , Sven Tomforde

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have entered the commercialization stage, but their limited ability to interact and express intentions still poses challenges in interactions with Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). Recent advances in large language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shiyu Fang , Jiaqi Liu , Chengkai Xu , Chen Lv , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Off-Policy Actor-Critic (Off-PAC) methods have proven successful in a variety of continuous control tasks. Normally, the critic's action-value function is updated using temporal-difference, and the critic in turn provides a loss for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Wei Zhou , Yiying Li , Yongxin Yang , Huaimin Wang , Timothy M. Hospedales

Asymmetric actor-critic methods are widely used in partially observable reinforcement learning, but typically assume full state observability to condition the critic during training, which is often unrealistic in practice. We introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Daniel Ebi , Gaspard Lambrechts , Damien Ernst , Klemens Böhm

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for many control applications but faces challenges such as limited data coverage and value function overestimation. In this paper, we propose an implicit actor-critic (iAC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Vanshaj Khattar , Ming Jin

This paper introduces the Active-Importance-Sampling Actor-Critic (AISAC) algorithm, an extension of the Actor-Critic framework for reducing variance in policy gradient estimation. AISAC optimizes the behavior policy to minimize gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Majid Molaei , Gabor Paczolay , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

In recommender systems, reinforcement learning solutions have effectively boosted recommendation performance because of their ability to capture long-term user-system interaction. However, the action space of the recommendation policy is a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Bowen Sun , Yuhao Wang , Ji Jiang , Dong Zheng , Kun Gai , Peng Jiang , Xiangyu Zhao , Yongfeng Zhang

The actor-critic (AC) framework has achieved strong empirical success in off-policy reinforcement learning but suffers from the "moving target" problem, where the evaluated policy changes continually. Functional critics, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Qinxun Bai , Yuxuan Han , Wei Xu , Zhengyuan Zhou

The next step for intelligent dialog agents is to escape their role as silent bystanders and become proactive. Well-defined proactive behavior may improve human-machine cooperation, as the agent takes a more active role during interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Matthias Kraus , Nicolas Wagner , Ron Riekenbrauck , Wolfgang Minker

Interactive reinforcement learning agents use human feedback or instruction to help them learn in complex environments. Often, this feedback comes in the form of a discrete signal that is either positive or negative. While informative, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Tasmia Tasrin , Md Sultan Al Nahian , Habarakadage Perera , Brent Harrison

Robotic assistants in long-term human-robot collaboration need to assist users under partial observations while leveraging cross-day interaction history. However, human traits and routines are often unknown at the beginning of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chengbo He , Sheng Li , Chenyang Ma , Bochao Zou , Li Sun , Jiansheng Chen , Junliang Xing , Yuanchun Shi , Huimin Ma

The oscillating performance of off-policy learning and persisting errors in the actor-critic (AC) setting call for algorithms that can conservatively learn to suit the stability-critical applications better. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Lingwei Zhu , Toshinori Kitamura , Takamitsu Matsubara

With the adoption of autonomous vehicles on our roads, we will witness a mixed-autonomy environment where autonomous and human-driven vehicles must learn to co-exist by sharing the same road infrastructure. To attain socially-desirable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Peer learning is a novel high-level reinforcement learning framework for agents learning in groups. While standard reinforcement learning trains an individual agent in trial-and-error fashion, all on its own, peer learning addresses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Cedric Derstroff , Mattia Cerrato , Jannis Brugger , Jan Peters , Stefan Kramer