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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating code. However, the misuse of LLM-generated (synthetic) code has raised concerns in both educational and industrial contexts, underscoring the urgent need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tong Ye , Yangkai Du , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated excellent performance, inspiring researchers to explore their use in automating register transfer level (RTL) code generation and improving hardware design efficiency. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Peiyang Wu , Nan Guo , Xiao Xiao , Wenming Li , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Code optimization is a challenging task requiring a substantial level of expertise from developers. Nonetheless, this level of human capacity is not sufficient considering the rapid evolution of new hardware architectures and software…

Program synthesis with language models (LMs) has unlocked a large set of reasoning abilities; code-tuned LMs have proven adept at generating programs that solve a wide variety of algorithmic symbolic manipulation tasks (e.g. word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nathaniel Weir , Muhammad Khalifa , Linlu Qiu , Orion Weller , Peter Clark

Code generation aims to automatically generate code snippets of specific programming language according to natural language descriptions. The continuous advancements in deep learning, particularly pre-trained models, have empowered the code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zezhou Yang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhenhao Li , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia

Deep Learning (DL) techniques for Natural Language Processing have been evolving remarkably fast. Recently, the DL advances in language modeling, machine translation and paragraph understanding are so prominent that the potential of DL in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Triet H. M. Le , Hao Chen , M. Ali Babar

Software engineers mainly write code by editing existing programs. In contrast, language models (LMs) autoregressively synthesize programs in a single pass. One explanation for this is the scarcity of sequential edit data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ulyana Piterbarg , Lerrel Pinto , Rob Fergus

The goal of program synthesis, or code generation, is to generate executable code based on given descriptions. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiate Liu , Yiqin Zhu , Kaiwen Xiao , Qiang Fu , Xiao Han , Wei Yang , Deheng Ye

The utilization of programming language (PL) models, pre-trained on large-scale code corpora, as a means of automating software engineering processes has demonstrated considerable potential in streamlining various code generation tasks such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Parshin Shojaee , Aneesh Jain , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K. Reddy

In many sequence learning tasks, such as program synthesis and document summarization, a key problem is searching over a large space of possible output sequences. We propose to learn representations of the outputs that are specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Joey Hong , David Dohan , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Manzil Zaheer

Inductive program synthesis, or programming by example, requires synthesizing functions from input-output examples that generalize to unseen inputs. While large language model agents have shown promise in programming tasks guided by natural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Anjiang Wei , Tarun Suresh , Jiannan Cao , Naveen Kannan , Yuheng Wu , Kai Yan , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fei Bai , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Zheng Liu , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Code generation, the task of creating executable programs from natural language requirements, has recently seen tremendous advances through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, which enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop high-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuzheng Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

Deep learning models are widely used for solving challenging code processing tasks, such as code generation or code summarization. Traditionally, a specific model architecture was carefully built to solve a particular code processing task.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Sergey Troshin , Nadezhda Chirkova

The goal of program synthesis is to automatically generate programs in a particular language from corresponding specifications, e.g. input-output behavior. Many current approaches achieve impressive results after training on randomly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Richard Shin , Neel Kant , Kavi Gupta , Christopher Bender , Brandon Trabucco , Rishabh Singh , Dawn Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving large language models beyond supervised fine-tuning, yet sustaining performance gains at scale remains an open challenge, as data diversity and structure, rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Cansu Sancaktar , David Zhang , Gabriel Synnaeve , Taco Cohen

The task of generating code solutions for a given programming problem can benefit from the use of pre-trained language models such as Codex, which can produce multiple diverse samples. However, a major challenge for this task is to select…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Bei Chen , Fengji Zhang , Anh Nguyen , Daoguang Zan , Zeqi Lin , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

Pretrained language models have been shown to be effective in many software-related generation tasks; however, they are not well-suited for editing tasks as they are not designed to reason about edits. To address this, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Jiyang Zhang , Sheena Panthaplackel , Pengyu Nie , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric