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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally reshaping software engineering (SE), driving a paradigm shift in both academic research and industrial practice. While top-tier SE venues continue to show sustained or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Hang Yu , Yuzhou Lai , Li Zhang , Xiaoli Lian , Fang Liu , Yanrui Dong , Ting Zhang , Zhi Jin , David Lo

The discussion around AI-Engineering, that is, Software Engineering (SE) for AI-enabled Systems, cannot ignore a crucial class of software systems that are increasingly becoming AI-enhanced: Those used to enable or support the SE process,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Himon Thakur , Armin Moin

The rapid development of deep learning techniques, improved computational power, and the availability of vast training data have led to significant advancements in pre-trained models and large language models (LLMs). Pre-trained models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yuan Huang , Yinan Chen , Xiangping Chen , Junqi Chen , Rui Peng , Zhicao Tang , Jinbo Huang , Furen Xu , Zibin Zheng

Deep learning (DL) techniques have gained significant popularity among software engineering (SE) researchers in recent years. This is because they can often solve many SE challenges without enormous manual feature engineering effort and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chao Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Xiaohu Yang

Artificial intelligence (AI) for software engineering (SE) tasks has recently achieved promising performance. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the pre-trained language model truly understands those SE tasks such as code search,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yao Li , Tao Zhang , Xiapu Luo , Haipeng Cai , Sen Fang , Dawei Yuan

The increasing reliance on applications with machine learning (ML) components calls for mature engineering techniques that ensure these are built in a robust and future-proof manner. We aim to empirically determine the state of the art in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Alex Serban , Koen van der Blom , Holger Hoos , Joost Visser

Large language models (LLMs) are now an integral part of software development workflows and are reshaping the whole process. Traditional technology stack selection has not caught up. Most of the existing selection methods focus solely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xiaoyu Zhang , Weipeng Jiang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Qingshuang Bao , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Tianlin Li , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted numerous domains, including Software Engineering (SE). Many recent publications have explored LLMs applied to various SE tasks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Xinyi Hou , Yanjie Zhao , Yue Liu , Zhou Yang , Kailong Wang , Li Li , Xiapu Luo , David Lo , John Grundy , Haoyu Wang

Program representation learning is a fundamental task in software engineering applications. With the availability of "big code" and the development of deep learning techniques, various program representation learning models have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Siqi Han , DongXia Wang , Wanting Li , Xuesong Lu

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially in Machine Learning (ML), have introduced various practical applications (e.g., virtual personal assistants and autonomous cars) that enhance the experience of everyday users.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Minke Xiu , Ellis E. Eghan , Zhen Ming , Jiang , Bram Adams

Machine-learning (ML) techniques have become popular in the recent years. ML techniques rely on mathematics and on software engineering. Researchers and practitioners studying best practices for designing ML application systems and software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Hironori Washizaki , Hiromu Uchida , Foutse Khomh , Yann-Gael Gueheneuc

LLMs show strong performance in code generation, but their outputs lack correctness guarantees. Sample-based uncertainty estimators address this by generating multiple candidate programs and measuring their disagreement. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weilin He , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

In this work we systematically review the recent advancements in software engineering with language models, covering 70+ models, 40+ evaluation tasks, 180+ datasets, and 900 related works. Unlike previous works, we integrate software…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ziyin Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Bingchang Liu , Cong Liao , Zi Gong , Hang Yu , Jianguo Li , Rui Wang

An increasing number of software companies have already realized the importance of storing project-related data as valuable sources of information for training prediction models. Such kind of modeling opens the door for the implementation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Victor Uc-Cetina

Nowadays, intelligent systems and services are getting increasingly popular as they provide data-driven solutions to diverse real-world problems, thanks to recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Md Saidur Rahman , Foutse Khomh , Alaleh Hamidi , Jinghui Cheng , Giuliano Antoniol , Hironori Washizaki

Monitoring, understanding, and optimizing the energy consumption of Machine Learning (ML) are various reasons why it is necessary to evaluate the energy usage of ML. However, there exists no universal tool that can answer this question for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Charlotte Rodriguez , Laura Degioanni , Laetitia Kameni , Richard Vidal , Giovanni Neglia

A growing variety of prompt engineering techniques has been proposed for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet systematic evaluation of each technique on individual software engineering (SE) tasks remains underexplored. In this study, we…

Machine Learning software systems are frequently used in our day-to-day lives. Some of these systems are used in various sensitive environments to make life-changing decisions. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that these AI/ML systems do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ajoy Das , Gias Uddin , Shaiful Chowdhury , Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Hadi Hemmati

The increasing availability of Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly foundation models, enables their use across a range of downstream applications, from scenarios with missing data to safety-critical contexts. This, in principle, may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zohaib Arshid , Daniele Bifolco , Fiorella Zampetti , Massimiliano Di Penta

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their impressive natural language processing (NLP) capabilities. Recently, many studies have focused on the tool utilization ability of LLMs. They primarily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yue Huang , Jiawen Shi , Yuan Li , Chenrui Fan , Siyuan Wu , Qihui Zhang , Yixin Liu , Pan Zhou , Yao Wan , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun