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The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is a non-convex, NP-hard optimization task essential for secure and economic power system operation. While interior-point methods are widely used due to their computational efficiency, spatial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Ignacio Repiso , Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC OPF) is one of the most fundamental optimization problems in electrical power systems. It can be formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP) with rank constraints. Solving AC OPF, that is, obtaining…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-16 Burak Kocuk , Santanu S. Dey , X. Andy Sun

Solving the AC optimal power flow problem (AC-OPF) is critical to the efficient and safe planning and operation of power grids. Small efficiency improvements in this domain have the potential to lead to billions of dollars of cost savings,…

The adversarial worst-case load shedding (AWLS) problem is pivotal for identifying critical contingencies under line outages. It is naturally cast as a bilevel program: the upper level simulates an attacker determining worst-case line…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Young-ho Cho , Harsha Nagarajan , Deepjyoti Deka , Hao Zhu

Optimal power flow (OPF) over power transmission networks poses challenging large-scale nonlinear optimization problems, which involve a large number of quadratic equality and indefinite quadratic inequality constraints. These…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Y. Shi , H. D. Tuan , P. Apkarian , A. V. Savkin

Security-constrained unit commitment with alternating current optimal power flow (SCUC-ACOPF) is a central problem in power grid operations that optimizes commitment and dispatch of generators under a physically accurate power transmission…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Matthew Brun , Thomas Lee , Dirk Lauinger , Xin Chen , Xu Andy Sun

In recent years, there has been significant interest in the development of machine learning-based optimization proxies for AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF). Although significant progress has been achieved in predicting high-quality primal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Guancheng Qiu , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The solution to an optimal power flow (OPF) problem provides a minimum cost operating point for an electric power system. The performance of OPF solution techniques strongly depends on the problem's feasible space. This paper presents an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper focuses on the AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase systems. Particular emphasis is given to systems with high integration of renewables, where adjustments of the real and reactive output powers from renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Ahmed S. Zamzam , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Emiliano Dall'Anese

The integration of large-scale renewable energy sources, such as wind power, poses significant challenges for the optimal operation of power systems owing to their inherent uncertainties. This paper proposes a solution framework for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zhaojun Ruan , Botao Gao , Libao Shi

The AC Optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most fundamental problems in power systems engineering. For the past decades, researchers have been relying on unproven heuristics to tackle OPF. The hardness of OPF stems from two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Majid Khonji , Sid Chi-Kin Chau , Khaled Elbassion

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

This paper focuses on the analytical target cascading (ATC) based scenario decomposition method which applies to the stochastic OPF problem of distribution networks with high photovoltaic penetration. The original two-stage stochastic OPF…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-11 Xiemin Mo , Tao Liu , Xue Lyu

Linear approximations of the AC power flow equations are of great significance for the computational efficiency of large-scale optimal power flow (OPF) problems. Put differently, the feasibility of the obtained solution is essential for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-12 Meiyi Li , Yuhan Du , Javad Mohammadi , Constance Crozier , Kyri Baker , Soummya Kar

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

The modern power grid is witnessing a shift in operations from traditional control methods to more advanced operational mechanisms. Due to the nonconvex nature of the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problem and the need for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Junfei Wang , Pirathayini Srikantha

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is central to the reliable and efficient operation of power systems, yet its non-convex nature poses significant challenges for finding globally optimal solutions. While convex relaxation techniques such…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Mohammadreza Iranpour , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is a core building block in electrical transmission system. It seeks the most economical active and reactive generation dispatch to meet demands while satisfying transmission operational limits. It…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Terrence W. K. Mak , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal VanHentenryck

Several methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the quality of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) datasets used in machine learning (ML) models. Yet, scalability to large power systems remains unaddressed and comparing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Matteo Baù , Luca Perbellini , Samuele Grillo