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Adaptations facilitate efficient training of large backbone models, including diffusion models for image generation and transformer-based language models. While various adaptation techniques enhance performance with minimal computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jae Wan Park , Junhyeok Kim , Youngjun Jun , Hyunah Ko , Seong Jae Hwang

Data annotation remains a significant bottleneck in the Humanities and Social Sciences, particularly for complex semantic tasks such as metaphor identification. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, a significant gap remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Bingru Li

Recent technological advances have made it possible to build real-time, interactive spoken dialogue systems for a wide variety of applications. However, when users do not respect the limitations of such systems, performance typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Diane J. Litman , Shimei Pan

Many recent approaches to natural language tasks are built on the remarkable abilities of large language models. Large language models can perform in-context learning, where they learn a new task from a few task demonstrations, without any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Hongjin Su , Jungo Kasai , Chen Henry Wu , Weijia Shi , Tianlu Wang , Jiayi Xin , Rui Zhang , Mari Ostendorf , Luke Zettlemoyer , Noah A. Smith , Tao Yu

API testing has increasing demands for software companies. Prior API testing tools were aware of certain types of dependencies that needed to be concise between operations and parameters. However, their approaches, which are mostly done…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Tri Le , Thien Tran , Duy Cao , Vy Le , Tien Nguyen , Vu Nguyen

Vision Transformers achieved outstanding performance in many computer vision tasks. Early Vision Transformers such as ViT and DeiT adopt global self-attention, which is computationally expensive when the number of patches is large. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Tan Yu , Gangming Zhao , Ping Li , Yizhou Yu

This paper presents and discusses the first Universal Dependencies treebank for the Apurin\~a language. The treebank contains 76 fully annotated sentences, applies 14 parts-of-speech, as well as seven augmented or new features - some of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jack Rueter , Marília Fernanda Pereira de Freitas , Sidney da Silva Facundes , Mika Hämäläinen , Niko Partanen

We present a richly annotated and genre-diversified language resource, the Prague Dependency Treebank-Consolidated 1.0 (PDT-C 1.0), the purpose of which is - as it always been the case for the family of the Prague Dependency Treebanks - to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jan Hajič , Eduard Bejček , Jaroslava Hlaváčová , Marie Mikulová , Milan Straka , Jan Štěpánek , Barbora Štěpánková

We introduce SPUD (Semantically Perturbed Universal Dependencies), a framework for creating nonce treebanks for the multilingual Universal Dependencies (UD) corpora. SPUD data satisfies syntactic argument structure, provides syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 David Arps , Laura Kallmeyer , Younes Samih , Hassan Sajjad

Manual annotation of textual documents is a necessary task when constructing benchmark corpora for training and evaluating machine learning algorithms. We created a comprehensive directory of annotation tools that currently includes 93…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Mariana Neves , Jurica Seva

Reinforcement finetuning (RFT) is a key technique for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences and enhancing reasoning, yet its effectiveness is highly sensitive to which tasks are explored during training. Uniform task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Qianli Shen , Daoyuan Chen , Yilun Huang , Zhenqing Ling , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Despite growing interest in incorporating feedback to improve language models, most efforts focus only on sequence-level annotations. In this work, we explore the potential of utilizing fine-grained span-level annotations from offline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Lily H. Zhang , Hamid Dadkhahi , Mara Finkelstein , Firas Trabelsi , Jiaming Luo , Markus Freitag

In terms of annotation structure, most learner corpora rely on holistic flat label inventories which, even when extensive, do not explicitly separate multiple linguistic dimensions. This makes linguistically deep annotation difficult and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Elif Sayar , Tolgahan Türker , Anna Golynskaia Knezhevich , Bihter Dereli , Ayşe Demirhas , Lionel Nicolas , Gülşen Eryiğit

Discourse-annotated corpora are an important resource for the community, but they are often annotated according to different frameworks. This makes comparison of the annotations difficult, thereby also preventing researchers from searching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Vera Demberg , Fatemeh Torabi Asr , Merel Scholman

We present the second version of the Open Assistant Toolkit (OAT-v2), an open-source task-oriented conversational system for composing generative neural models. OAT-v2 is a scalable and flexible assistant platform supporting multiple…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sophie Fischer , Federico Rossetto , Carlos Gemmell , Andrew Ramsay , Iain Mackie , Philip Zubel , Niklas Tecklenburg , Jeffrey Dalton

Spannotation is an open source user-friendly tool developed for image annotation for semantic segmentation specifically in autonomous navigation tasks. This study provides an evaluation of Spannotation, demonstrating its effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Samuel O. Folorunsho , William R. Norris

The new and growing field of Quantitative Dependency Syntax has emerged at the crossroads between Dependency Syntax and Quantitative Linguistics. One of the main concerns in this field is the statistical patterns of syntactic dependency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Lluís Alemany-Puig , Juan Luis Esteban , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

Targeted Sentiment Analysis aims to extract sentiment towards a particular target from a given text. It is a field that is attracting attention due to the increasing accessibility of the Internet, which leads people to generate an enormous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 M. Melih Mutlu , Arzucan Özgür

Pairwise preferences over model responses are widely collected to evaluate and provide feedback to large language models (LLMs). Given two alternative model responses to the same input, a human or AI annotator selects the "better" response.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Arduin Findeis , Floris Weers , Guoli Yin , Ke Ye , Ruoming Pang , Tom Gunter

Fully data-driven, deep learning-based models are usually designed as language-independent and have been shown to be successful for many natural language processing tasks. However, when the studied language is low-resourced and the amount…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Şaziye Betül Özateş , Arzucan Özgür , Tunga Güngör , Balkız Öztürk