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Clustering is a well-known unsupervised machine learning approach capable of automatically grouping discrete sets of instances with similar characteristics. Constrained clustering is a semi-supervised extension to this process that can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Germán González-Almagro , Daniel Peralta , Eli De Poorter , José-Ramón Cano , Salvador García

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree index and clustering index in random graphs. The degree index in our setup is a certain measure of degree irregularity whose basic properties are well studied in the literature, and the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Ümit Işlak , Barış Yeşiloğlu

Clustering is an essential data mining tool that aims to discover inherent cluster structure in data. For most applications, applying clustering is only appropriate when cluster structure is present. As such, the study of clusterability,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 A. Adolfsson , M. Ackerman , N. C. Brownstein

Cluster validity indexes are very important tools designed for two purposes: comparing the performance of clustering algorithms and determining the number of clusters that best fits the data. These indexes are in general constructed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Ahmed Ben Said , Rachid Hadjidj , Sebti Foufou

Clustering is a data analysis method for extracting knowledge by discovering groups of data called clusters. Among these methods, state-of-the-art density-based clustering methods have proven to be effective for arbitrary-shaped clusters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Nabil El Malki , Robin Cugny , Olivier Teste , Franck Ravat

Clustering is often a challenging problem because of the inherent ambiguity in what the "correct" clustering should be. Even when the number of clusters $K$ is known, this ambiguity often still exists, particularly when there is variation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Kayvon Mazooji , Ilan Shomorony

Comparing clusterings is central to evaluating unsupervised models, yet the many existing similarity measures can produce widely divergent, sometimes contradictory, evaluations. Clustering similarity measures are typically organized into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-06 Alexander J. Gates

The overwhelming majority of empirical research that uses cluster-robust inference assumes that the clustering structure is known, even though there are often several possible ways in which a dataset could be clustered. We propose two tests…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-03-14 James G. MacKinnon , Morten Ørregaard Nielsen , Matthew D. Webb

A cluster tree provides a highly-interpretable summary of a density function by representing the hierarchy of its high-density clusters. It is estimated using the empirical tree, which is the cluster tree constructed from a density…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-14 Jisu Kim , Yen-Chi Chen , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Alessandro Rinaldo , Larry Wasserman

Clustering is a well-established technique in machine learning and data analysis, widely used across various domains. Cluster validity indices, such as the Average Silhouette Width, Calinski-Harabasz, and Davies-Bouldin indices, play a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renato Cordeiro de Amorim , Vladimir Makarenkov

Cluster analysis methods are used to identify homogeneous subgroups in a data set. In biomedical applications, one frequently applies cluster analysis in order to identify biologically interesting subgroups. In particular, one may wish to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-23 Sheila Gaynor , Eric Bair

Neural network-based clustering has recently gained popularity, and in particular a constrained clustering formulation has been proposed to perform transfer learning and image category discovery using deep learning. The core idea is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Yen-Chang Hsu , Zhaoyang Lv , Joel Schlosser , Phillip Odom , Zsolt Kira

Selecting the appropriate number of clusters is a critical step in applying clustering algorithms. To assist in this process, various cluster validity indices (CVIs) have been developed. These indices are designed to identify the optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-24 Nathakhun Wiroonsri , Onthada Preedasawakul

To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. Since there are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning, many internal cluster validity indices (CVIs), which use predicted labels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

Multiple clustering aims at discovering diverse ways of organizing data into clusters. Despite the progress made, it's still a challenge for users to analyze and understand the distinctive structure of each output clustering. To ease this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Xing Wang , Jun Wang , Carlotta Domeniconi , Guoxian Yu , Guoqiang Xiao , Maozu Guo

A novel nonparametric clustering algorithm is proposed using the interpoint distances between the members of the data to reveal the inherent clustering structure existing in the given set of data, where we apply the classical nonparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-02 Soumita Modak

There are two notoriously hard problems in cluster analysis, estimating the number of clusters, and checking whether the population to be clustered is not actually homogeneous. Given a dataset, a clustering method and a cluster validation…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-10 Christian Hennig , Chien-Ju Lin

Clustering provides a common means of identifying structure in complex data, and there is renewed interest in clustering as a tool for the analysis of large data sets in many fields. A natural question is how many clusters are appropriate…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Susanne Still , William Bialek

Many clustering methods, including k-means, require the user to specify the number of clusters as an input parameter. A variety of methods have been devised to choose the number of clusters automatically, but they often rely on strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-10 Wei Fu , Patrick O. Perry

Subspace clustering refers to the problem of segmenting high dimensional data drawn from a union of subspaces into the respective subspaces. In some applications, partial side-information to indicate "must-link" or "cannot-link" in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Chun-Guang Li , Junjian Zhang , Jun Guo