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Acquiring your first language is an incredible feat and not easily duplicated. Learning to communicate using nothing but a few pictureless books, a corpus, would likely be impossible even for humans. Nevertheless, this is the dominating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Emilio Jorge , Mikael Kågebäck , Fredrik D. Johansson , Emil Gustavsson

We describe WebSuite, the first diagnostic benchmark for generalist web agents, designed to systematically evaluate why agents fail. Advances in AI have led to the rise of numerous web agents that autonomously operate a browser to complete…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Eric Li , Jim Waldo

We introduce the concept of "empathic grounding" in conversational agents as an extension of Clark's conceptualization of grounding in conversation in which the grounding criterion includes listener empathy for the speaker's affective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mehdi Arjmand , Farnaz Nouraei , Ian Steenstra , Timothy Bickmore

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating human-like responses but often struggle with interactive tasks that require access to real-time information. This limitation poses challenges in finance, where models must access up-to-date…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ankur Sinha , Chaitanya Agarwal , Pekka Malo

As language models (LMs) evolve from chat assistants to long-horizon agents capable of multi-step reasoning and tool use, existing benchmarks remain largely confined to structured or exam-style tasks that fall short of real-world…

Automated GUI agents aims to facilitate user interaction by automatically performing complex tasks in digital environments, such as web, mobile, desktop devices. It receives textual task instruction and GUI description to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jing Huang , Zhixiong Zeng , Wenkang Han , Yufeng Zhong , Liming Zheng , Shuai Fu , Jingyuan Chen , Lin Ma

Web Agents are increasingly deployed to perform complex tasks in real web environments, yet their security evaluation remains fragmented and difficult to standardize. We present WebTrap Park, an automated platform for systematic security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xinyi Wu , Jiagui Chen , Geng Hong , Jiayi Dong , Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Min Yang

Language agents increasingly require persistent worlds in which they can act, remember, and learn. Existing approaches sit at two extremes: conventional web frameworks provide reliable but fixed contexts backed by databases, while fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jichen Feng , Yifan Zhang , Chenggong Zhang , Yifu Lu , Shilong Liu , Mengdi Wang

User simulation is a promising approach for automatically training and evaluating conversational information access agents, enabling the generation of synthetic dialogues and facilitating reproducible experiments at scale. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

In the real world, linguistic agents are also embodied agents: they perceive and act in the physical world. The notion of Language Grounding questions the interactions between language and embodiment: how do learning agents connect or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Cédric Colas , Ahmed Akakzia , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Mohamed Chetouani , Olivier Sigaud

The improvement of web agents on current benchmarks raises the question: Do today's agents perform just as well when the web changes? We introduce TimeWarp, a benchmark that emulates the evolving web using containerized environments that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Md Farhan Ishmam , Kenneth Marino

If a robotic agent wants to exploit symbolic planning techniques to achieve some goal, it must be able to properly ground an abstract planning domain in the environment in which it operates. However, if the environment is initially unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Leonardo Lamanna , Luciano Serafini , Alessandro Saetti , Alfonso Gerevini , Paolo Traverso

Agent-based modelling and simulation offers a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. In this paper we describe the development of an agent-based simulation model, designed to help to understand the relationship between…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Peer-Olaf Siebers , Uwe Aickelin , Helen Celia , Christopher Clegg

Large Language Models (LLMs) serve not only as chatbots but as key components in agent systems, where their common-sense knowledge significantly impacts performance as language-based planners for situated or embodied action. We assess LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jonathan Jordan , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained and aligned to follow natural language instructions with only a handful of examples, and they are prompted as task-driven autonomous agents to adapt to various sources of execution environments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yang Su

Although virtual agents are increasingly situated in environments where natural language is the most effective mode of interaction with humans, these exchanges are rarely used as an opportunity for learning. Leveraging language interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Kaylee Burns , Christopher D. Manning , Li Fei-Fei

To cooperate with humans effectively, virtual agents need to be able to understand and execute language instructions. A typical setup to achieve this is with a scripted teacher which guides a virtual agent using language instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mathijs Mul , Diane Bouchacourt , Elia Bruni

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models has enabled agents to operate mobile devices by directly interacting with graphical user interfaces, opening new possibilities for mobile automation. However, real-world mobile tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yuanyi Song , Heyuan Huang , Qiqiang Lin , Yin Zhao , Xiangmou Qu , Jun Wang , Xingyu Lou , Weiwen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Zhaoxiang Wang

Embodied artificial intelligence emphasizes the role of an agent's body in generating human-like behaviors. The recent efforts on EmbodiedAI pay a lot of attention to building up machine learning models to possess perceiving, planning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chen Gao , Baining Zhao , Weichen Zhang , Jinzhu Mao , Jun Zhang , Zhiheng Zheng , Fanhang Man , Jianjie Fang , Zile Zhou , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li

Web automation employs intelligent agents to execute high-level tasks by mimicking human interactions with web interfaces. Despite the capabilities of recent Large Language Model (LLM)-based web agents, navigating complex, real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiayuan Zhang , Kaiquan Chen , Zhihao Lu , Enshen Zhou , Qian Yu , Jing Zhang