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Differential equations are used to model and predict the behaviour of complex systems in a wide range of fields, and the ability to solve them is an important asset for understanding and predicting the behaviour of these systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Siddharth Nand , Yuecheng Cai

Current physics-informed (standard or deep operator) neural networks still rely on accurately learning the initial and/or boundary conditions of the system of differential equations they are solving. In contrast, standard numerical methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rüdiger Brecht , Dmytro R. Popovych , Alex Bihlo , Roman O. Popovych

Physics-informed deep learning has emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations. However, for complex problems, training these networks can still be challenging, often resulting in unsatisfactory accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wenqian Chen , Amanda A. Howard , Panos Stinis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their variants have been very popular in recent years as algorithms for the numerical simulation of both forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations. This article aims to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

The optimization foundations of deep linear networks have recently received significant attention. However, due to their inherent non-convexity and hierarchical structure, analyzing the loss functions of deep linear networks remains a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Po Chen , Rujun Jiang , Peng Wang

This work compares the advantages and limitations of the Finite Difference Method with Physics-Informed Neural Networks, showing where each can best be applied for different problem scenarios. Analysis on the L2 relative error based on…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Batyr Sharimbayev , Shirali Kadyrov , Aleksei Kavokin

In this paper, we investigate the applications of operator learning, specifically DeepONet, for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike conventional function learning methods that require training separate neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yahong Yang

Deep learning approaches for partial differential equations (PDEs) have received much attention in recent years due to their mesh-freeness and computational efficiency. However, most of the works so far have concentrated on time-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Son N. T. Tu , Thu Nguyen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

In this paper, we explore bounds on the expected risk when using deep neural networks for supervised classification from an information theoretic perspective. Firstly, we introduce model risk and fitting error, which are derived from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Binchuan Qi

Many problems in science and engineering can be represented by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) through mathematical modeling. Mechanism-based computation following PDEs has long been an essential paradigm for studying topics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Shudong Huang , Wentao Feng , Chenwei Tang , Jiancheng Lv

We show that the error achievable using physics-informed neural networks for solving systems of differential equations can be substantially reduced when these networks are trained using meta-learned optimization methods rather than to using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Alex Bihlo

We introduce physics informed neural networks -- neural networks that are trained to solve supervised learning tasks while respecting any given law of physics described by general nonlinear partial differential equations. In this two part…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Maziar Raissi , Paris Perdikaris , George Em Karniadakis

Recent works have shown that deep neural networks can be employed to solve partial differential equations, giving rise to the framework of physics informed neural networks. We introduce a generalization for these methods that manifests as a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Remco van der Meer , Cornelis Oosterlee , Anastasia Borovykh

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been widely used to obtain solutions to various physical phenomena modeled as Differential Equations. As PINNs are not naturally equipped with mechanisms for Uncertainty Quantification, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Pablo Flores , Olga Graf , Pavlos Protopapas , Karim Pichara

Motivated by recent research on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), we make the first attempt to introduce the PINNs for numerical simulation of the elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on 3D manifolds. PINNs are one of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Zhuochao Tang , Zhuojia Fu

We prove rigorous bounds on the errors resulting from the approximation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with (extended) physics informed neural networks. We show that the underlying PDE residual can be made arbitrarily small…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Tim De Ryck , Ameya D. Jagtap , Siddhartha Mishra

This paper presents the potential of applying physics-informed neural networks for solving nonlinear multiphysics problems, which are essential to many fields such as biomedical engineering, earthquake prediction, and underground energy…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Teeratorn Kadeethum , Thomas M Jorgensen , Hamidreza M Nick

I provide an introduction to the application of deep learning and neural networks for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The approach, known as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), involves minimizing the residual of the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Hubert Baty