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Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) provide a unique opportunities to probe the geometry and energetics of super-Eddington accretion. The radiative processes involved in super-Eddington accretion are not well understood, and so studying…

Swift intensive accretion disk reverberation mapping of four AGN yielded light curves sampled $\sim$200-350 times in 0.3-10 keV X-ray and six UV/optical bands. Uniform reduction and cross-correlation analysis of these datasets yields three…

The correlation observed between monochromatic X-ray and UV luminosities in radiatively-efficient active galactic nuclei (AGN) lacks a clear theoretical explanation despite being used for many applications. Such a correlation, with its…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Riccardo Arcodia , Andrea Merloni , Kirpal Nandra , Gabriele Ponti

We present the UV/X-ray joint spectral analyses of four Seyfert~1 galaxies (PG 0804+761, NGC 7469, SWIFT J1921.1-5842, and SWIFT J1835.0+3240) using the data acquired with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope and Soft X-ray Telescope onboard…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-09 Shrabani Kumar , G. C. Dewangan , K. P. Singh , P. Gandhi , L. Mallick , G. C. Stewart , S. Bhattacharyya , S. Chandra

We perform X-ray/ultraviolet (UV) spectral and X-ray variability studies of the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy RX J1633.3+4719 using XMM-Newton and Suzaku observations from 2011 and 2012. The 0.3-10 keV spectra consist of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-14 Labani Mallick , G. C. Dewangan , P. Gandhi , R. Misra , A. K. Kembhavi

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are extremely variable in the X-ray band down to very short timescales. However, the driver behind the X-ray variability is still poorly understood. Previous results suggest that the hot corona responsible for…

The X-ray--to--UV relation of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), commonly parametrized via the monochromatic luminosities at $2500\,\mathring{A}$ and $2\,keV$, reflects the energetic interplay between the accretion disc and the X-ray-emitting…

A long-standing question in active galactic nucleus (AGN) research is how the corona is heated up to produce X-ray radiation much stronger than that arising from the viscous heating within the corona. In this paper, we carry out detailed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-05 Huaqing Cheng , B. F. Liu , Jieying Liu , Zhu Liu , Erlin Qiao , Weimin Yuan

We present a re-analysis of the simultaneous 30 day IUE/XTE observation of NGC 7469 done in 1996. Our main progress, in comparison to previous spectral analysis, is to adopt and fit directly to the data a detailed Comptonization model. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 P. O. Petrucci , L. Maraschi , F. Haardt , K. Nandra

We develop a physically motivated, spherical corona model to investigate the frequency-dependent time lags in AGN. The model includes the effects of Compton up-scattering between the disc UV photons and coronal electrons, and the subsequent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-31 P. Chainakun , A. Watcharangkool , A. J. Young , S. Hancock

The physical origin of soft X-ray excess (SE) is a long lasting question, with two prevailing theories -- ``warm corona'' and ``ionized reflection'' -- dominating the discussion. In the warm corona scenario, SE originates from upscattered…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-21 Shi-Jiang Chen , Jun-Xian Wang , Jia-Lai Kang , Wen-Yong Kang , Hao Sou , Teng Liu , Zhen-Yi Cai , Zhen-Bo Su

A soft X-ray excess above the 2-10 keV power law extrapolation is generally observed in AGN X-ray spectra. Presently there are two competitive models to explain it: blurred ionized reflection and warm Comptonisation. In the latter case,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-12 P. -O. Petrucci , D. Gronkiewicz , A. Rozanska , R. Belmont , S. Bianchi , B. Czerny , G. Matt , J. Malzac , R. Middei , A. De Rosa , F. Ursini , M. Cappi

The correlation between the X-ray and UV luminosities observed in quasars, spanning a wide redshift range and holding true for several decades in both spectral bands, suggests the presence of a universal mechanism governing the transfer of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-29 Susanna Bisogni

The observed relation between the soft X-ray and the optical-ultraviolet emission in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is non-linear and it is usually parametrized as a dependence between the logarithm of the monochromatic luminosity at 2500…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 E. Lusso , G. Risaliti

We investigated the relationship between the X-ray variability amplitude and X-ray luminosity for a sample of 14 bright Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with XMM-Newton/EPIC data, and compare it with the well established similar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 O. Gonzalez-Martin , I. Papadakis , P. Reig , A. Zezas

Context. AGNs are strong X-ray emitters shaped by disk-corona interactions. The soft excess (0.5-2.0 keV) reveals key information about the "warm corona" bridging the disk and hot corona. Yet, how this feature evolves with accretion…

Rapid flux changes in the X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei are commonly observed. The power-density spectra show a pseudo power-law form with a turnover at low frequencies and a high frequency break, similar to galactic black-hole…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 K. Nandra

The long term X-ray spectral variability of ten active galactic nuclei (AGN) shows a positive spectral index-flux correlation for each object (Sobolewska & Papadakis 2009). An inner advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) may connect to a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-22 Xinwu Cao , Jun-Xian Wang

Active galactic nuclei are known to exhibit flux variations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Among these, correlations between UV/optical and X-ray flux variations serve as a key diagnostics for understanding the physical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-09 M. Reshma , C. S. Stalin , Amit Kumar Mandal , Abhijit Kayal , S. B. Gudennavar , Prajwel Joseph

We study an accretion disc with a hot continuous corona. We assume that the corona itself accretes and therefore it is powered directly by the release of the gravitational energy and cooled by radiative interaction with the disc. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 H. J. Witt , B. Czerny , P. T. Zycki