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While recommender systems with multi-modal item representations (image, audio, and text), have been widely explored, learning recommendations from multi-modal user interactions (e.g., clicks and speech) remains an open problem. We study the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Simone Borg Bruun , Krisztian Balog , Maria Maistro

Information processing tasks involve complex cognitive mechanisms that are shaped by various factors, including individual goals, prior experience, and system environments. Understanding such behaviors requires a sophisticated and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Kaixin Ji , Danula Hettiachchi , Falk Scholer , Flora D. Salim , Damiano Spina

Clarifying the underlying user information need by asking clarifying questions is an important feature of modern conversational search system. However, evaluation of such systems through answering prompted clarifying questions requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Ivan Sekulić , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Current language model-driven agents often lack mechanisms for effective user participation, which is crucial given the vagueness commonly found in user instructions. Although adept at devising strategies and performing tasks, these agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Cheng Qian , Bingxiang He , Zhong Zhuang , Jia Deng , Yujia Qin , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Jie Zhou , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

For machine agents to successfully interact with humans in real-world settings, they will need to develop an understanding of human mental life. Intuitive psychology, the ability to reason about hidden mental variables that drive observable…

Despite rapid progress in autonomous web agents, human involvement remains essential for shaping preferences and correcting agent behavior as tasks unfold. However, current agentic systems lack a principled understanding of when and why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Faria Huq , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Zhanqiu Guo , Venu Arvind Arangarajan , Tianyue Ou , Frank Xu , Shuyan Zhou , Graham Neubig , Jeffrey P. Bigham

State-of-the-art conversational agents have advanced significantly in conjunction with the use of large transformer-based language models. However, even with these advancements, conversational agents still lack the ability to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Sashank Santhanam , Wei Ping , Raul Puri , Mohammad Shoeybi , Mostofa Patwary , Bryan Catanzaro

Recent advancements in AI-driven conversational agents have exhibited immense potential of AI applications. Effective response generation is crucial to the success of these agents. While extensive research has focused on leveraging multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Junfeng Liu , Christopher T. Symons , Ranga Raju Vatsavai

Formulating selective information needs results in queries that implicitly specify set operations, such as intersection, union, and difference. For instance, one might search for "shorebirds that are not sandpipers" or "science-fiction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Chaitanya Malaviya , Peter Shaw , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , Kristina Toutanova

Recent work in semantic parsing for question answering has focused on long and complicated questions, many of which would seem unnatural if asked in a normal conversation between two humans. In an effort to explore a conversational QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-07 Mohit Iyyer , Wen-tau Yih , Ming-Wei Chang

Users often formulate their search queries with immature language without well-developed keywords and complete structures. Such queries fail to express their true information needs and raise ambiguity as fragmental language often yield…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Zhenduo Wang , Qingyao Ai

The conversational search task aims to enable a user to resolve information needs via natural language dialogue with an agent. In this paper, we aim to develop a conceptual framework of the actions and intents of users and agents explaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Leif Azzopardi , Mateusz Dubiel , Martin Halvey , Jeffery Dalton

Sharing ideas through communication with peers is the primary mode of human interaction. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in the area of conversational AI, leading to an increase in the availability and diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Shivani Kumar , Sumit Bhatia , Milan Aggarwal , Tanmoy Chakraborty

We are working to develop automated intelligent agents, which can act and react as learning machines with minimal human intervention. To accomplish this, an intelligent agent is viewed as a question-asking machine, which is designed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-03 N. K. Malakar , K. H. Knuth , D. J. Lary

With automated systems increasingly issuing search queries alongside humans, Information Retrieval (IR) faces a major shift. Yet IR remains human-centred, with systems, evaluation metrics, user models, and datasets designed around human…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Francesca Pezzuti , Ophir Frieder , Fabrizio Silvestri , Sean MacAvaney , Nicola Tonellotto

Search systems on the Web rely on user input to generate relevant results. Since early information retrieval systems, users are trained to issue keyword searches and adapt to the language of the system. Recent research has shown that users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrea Papenmeier , Dagmar Kern , Daniel Hienert , Alfred Sliwa , Ahmet Aker , Norbert Fuhr

Most prior work on task-oriented dialogue systems are restricted to limited coverage of domain APIs. However, users oftentimes have requests that are out of the scope of these APIs. This work focuses on responding to these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Di Jin , Seokhwan Kim , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Context: User intent modeling is a crucial process in Natural Language Processing that aims to identify the underlying purpose behind a user's request, enabling personalized responses. With a vast array of approaches introduced in the…

Seamless interaction between AI agents and humans using natural language remains a key goal in AI research. This paper addresses the challenges of developing interactive agents capable of understanding and executing grounded natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Shrestha Mohanty , Negar Arabzadeh , Andrea Tupini , Yuxuan Sun , Alexey Skrynnik , Artem Zholus , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Julia Kiseleva

Goal-oriented conversational agents are becoming prevalent in our daily lives. For these systems to engage users and achieve their goals, they need to exhibit appropriate social behavior as well as provide informative replies that guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi-Chia Wang , Alexandros Papangelis , Runze Wang , Zhaleh Feizollahi , Gokhan Tur , Robert Kraut