Related papers: Reflective numerical semigroups
A generalised numerical semigroup (GNS) is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ for which the complement $\mathbb{N}^d\setminus S$ is finite. The points in the complement $\mathbb{N}^d\setminus S$ are called gaps. A gap $F$ is considered…
We study statistical properties of numerical semigroups of genus $g$ as $g$ goes to infinity. More specifically, we answer a question of Eliahou by showing that as $g$ goes to infinity, the proportion of numerical semigroups of genus $g$…
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of reflecting numbers to the realm of number theory and to classify reflecting numbers of certain types. For us, reflecting numbers are coming from congruent numbers, above congruent…
In this paper we introduce the notion of m-irreducibility that extends the standard concept of irreducibility of a numerical semigroup when the multiplicity is fixed. We analyze the structure of the set of m-irreducible numerical…
The common behaviour of many families of numerical semigroups led up to defining, firstly, the Frobenius varieties and, secondly, the (Frobenius) pseudo-varieties. However, some interesting families are still out of these definitions. To…
We present procedures to calculate the set of Arf numerical semigroups with given genus, given conductor and given genus and conductor. We characterize the Kunz coordinates of an Arf numerical semigroup. We also describe Arf numerical…
We investigate numerical semigroups generated by any quadratic sequence with initial term zero and an infinite number of terms. We find an efficient algorithm for calculating the Ap\'ery set, as well as bounds on the elements of the Ap\'ery…
We derive polynomial identities of arbitrary degree $n$ for syzygies degrees of numerical semigroups S_m=<d_1,...,d_m> and show that for n>=m they contain higher genera G_r=\sum_{s\in Z_>\setminus S_m}s^r of S_m. We find a number…
A numerical semigroup $S$ is coated with odd elements (Coe-semigroup), if $\left\{x-1, x+1\right\}\subseteq S$ for all odd element $x$ in $S$. In this note, we will study this kind of numerical semigroups. In particular, we are interested…
A separating algebra is, roughly speaking, a subalgebra of the ring of invariants whose elements distinguish between any two orbits that can be distinguished using invariants. In this paper, we introduce a geometric notion of separating…
Combinatorics on multisets is used to deduce new upper and lower bounds on the number of numerical semigroups of each given genus, significantly improving existing ones. In particular, it is proved that the number $n_g$ of numerical…
A numerical semigroup is said to be ordinary if it has all its gaps in a row. Indeed, it contains zero and all integers from a given positive one. One can define a simple operation on a non-ordinary semigroup, which we call here the…
A discrete subgroup of the group of isometries of the hyperbolic space is called reflective if up to a finite index it is generated by reflections in hyperplanes. The main result of this paper is a complete classification of the reflective…
We study the spectra of non-regular semisimple elements in irreducible representations of simple algebraic groups. More precisely, we prove that if G is a simply connected simple linear algebraic group and f is a non-trivial irreducible…
Our aim in this paper is to initiate the study of exponent semigroups for rational matrices. We prove that every numerical semigroup is the exponent semigroup of some rational matrix. We also obtain lower bounds on the size of such matrices…
A closed subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group is called irreducible if it lies in no proper parabolic subgroup. In this paper we classify all irreducible subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups $G$ which are connected, closed and…
Let $G$ be a group. A ring $R$ is called a graded ring (or $G$-graded ring) if there exist additive subgroups $R_{\alpha }$ of $R$ indexed by the elements $\alpha \in G$ such that $R=\bigoplus_{\alpha \in G}R_{\alpha }$ and $R_{\alpha…
We give a necessary and sufficient condition, in terms of a certain reflection principle, for every unconditionally closed subset of a group G to be algebraic. As a corollary, we prove that this is always the case when G is a direct product…
A closed subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group is called irreducible if it lies in no proper parabolic subgroup. In this paper we classify all irreducible $A_1$ subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups $G$. Consequences are given…
We define reflective numbers and their iterative summations. We provide classification of reflective numbers based on their iterative cyclical limits.