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Post-training quantization (PTQ) is the go-to compression technique for large generative models, such as stable diffusion or large language models. PTQ methods commonly keep the softmax activation in higher precision as it has been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Marios Fournarakis , Chirag Patel , Markus Nagel

The ever-growing size of neural networks poses serious challenges on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded sensors. Compression algorithms that reduce their size can mitigate these problems, provided that model performance stays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alexander Conzelmann , Robert Bamler

Quantization is an effective way to reduce the memory cost of large-scale model training. However, most existing methods adopt fixed-precision policies, which ignore the fact that optimizer-state distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Minglu Liu , Cunchen Hu , Liangliang Xu , Fengming Tang , Ruijia Wang , Fu Yu

In the era of large-scale language models, the substantial parameter size poses significant challenges for deployment. Being a prevalent compression technique, quantization has emerged as the mainstream practice to tackle this issue, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Qingyuan Li , Yifan Zhang , Liang Li , Peng Yao , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu , Yerui Sun , Li Du , Yuchen Xie

Transformers are the backbone of powerful foundation models for many Vision and Natural Language Processing tasks. But their compute and memory/storage footprint is large, and so, serving such models is expensive often requiring high-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Harshavardhan Adepu , Zhanpeng Zeng , Li Zhang , Vikas Singh

In this paper, we propose StableQuant, a novel adaptive post-training quantization (PTQ) algorithm for widely used speech foundation models (SFMs). While PTQ has been successfully employed for compressing large language models (LLMs) due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Yeona Hong , Hyewon Han , Woo-jin Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

Fine-tuned transformer models have shown superior performances in many natural language tasks. However, the large model size prohibits deploying high-performance transformer models on resource-constrained devices. This paper proposes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zi Yang , Samridhi Choudhary , Siegfried Kunzmann , Zheng Zhang

Existing neural networks are memory-consuming and computationally intensive, making deploying them challenging in resource-constrained environments. However, there are various methods to improve their efficiency. Two such methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anastasiia Prutianova , Alexey Zaytsev , Chung-Kuei Lee , Fengyu Sun , Ivan Koryakovskiy

Quantization-Aware Training from scratch has emerged as a promising approach for building efficient large language models (LLMs) with extremely low-bit weights (sub 2-bit), which can offer substantial advantages for edge deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wenzheng Zhang , Bingzheng Liu , Yang Hu , Xiaoying Bai , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

While significant improvements have been made in recent years in terms of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance, such improvements were obtained through the use of very large neural networks, unfit for embedded use on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Alex Bie , Bharat Venkitesh , Joao Monteiro , Md. Akmal Haidar , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Compressing the KV cache is a required step to deploy large language models on edge devices. Current quantization methods compress storage but fail to reduce bandwidth as attention calculation requires dequantizing keys from INT4/INT8 to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Aryan Karmore

State-of-the-art neural language models represented by Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit deep neural network quantization techniques provides a powerful solution to dramatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Junhao Xu , Shoukang Hu , Jianwei Yu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Machine unlearning aims to remove specific knowledge (e.g., copyrighted or private data) from a trained model without full retraining. In practice, models are often quantized (e.g., 4-bit) for deployment, but we find that quantization can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Himanshu Mishra , Kanwal Mehreen

Neural network quantization is widely used to reduce model inference complexity in real-world deployments. However, traditional integer quantization suffers from accuracy degradation when adapting to various dynamic ranges. Recent research…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhuoyi Zhang , Yunchen Zhang , Gonglei Shi , Yu Shen , Ruihao Gong , Xiaoxu Xia , Qi Zhang , Lewei Lu , Xianglong Liu

Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks is essential for deploying them in resource-constrained devices, or cloud platforms for at-scale services. While binarization is a special case of quantization, this extreme case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Phuoc Pham , Jacob Abraham , Jaeyong Chung

Neural networks have shown great performance in cognitive tasks. When deploying network models on mobile devices with limited resources, weight quantization has been widely adopted. Binary quantization obtains the highest compression but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Hsin-Pai Cheng , Yuanjun Huang , Xuyang Guo , Yifei Huang , Feng Yan , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Despite advances using low-rank adapters and quantization, pretraining of large models on consumer hardware has not been possible without model sharding, offloading during training, or per-layer gradient updates. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sebastian Loeschcke , Mads Toftrup , Michael J. Kastoryano , Serge Belongie , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

Low-bit quantization is widely used to compress super-resolution (SR) models and reduce storage and computation costs for deployment on resource-limited devices. However, when SR models are pushed to ultra-low precision (2-4 bits),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Xianglong Liu , Jie Luo , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Yulun Zhang

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry