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The formulation of Mean Field Games (MFG) typically requires continuous differentiability of the Hamiltonian in order to determine the advective term in the Kolmogorov--Fokker--Planck equation for the density of players. However, in many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Yohance A. P. Osborne , Iain Smears

The development of safety validation methods is essential for the safe deployment and operation of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). One of the goals of safety validation is to prospectively evaluate the risk of an ADS dealing with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Erwin de Gelder , Maren Buermann , Olaf Op den Camp

The Mean-Field approximation is a tractable approach for studying large population dynamics. However, its assumption on homogeneity and universal connections among all agents limits its applicability in many real-world scenarios.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Peihan Huo , Oscar Peralta , Junyu Guo , Qiaomin Xie , Andreea Minca

Here, we prove the existence of solutions to first-order mean-field games (MFGs) arising in optimal switching. First, we use the penalization method to construct approximate solutions. Then, we prove uniform estimates for the penalized…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Diogo A. Gomes , Stefania Patrizi

The theory of Mean-Field Games is interested in the behaviour of interacting particle systems in which the individual interaction between particles (players) decreases as the size of the population increases. In recent years, it was…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Daniel Hernández-Hernández , Joshué Helí Ricalde-Guerrero

Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks, yet their mathematical analysis remains fragmented: stability and generalization are typically studied in disparate frameworks and on a case-by-case basis.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-29 Jonathan Vacher

While the general theory for the terminal-initial value problem for mean-field games (MFGs) has achieved a substantial progress, the corresponding forward-forward problem is still poorly understood - even in the one-dimensional setting.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-06-30 Diogo Gomes , Levon Nurbekyan , Marc Sedjro

The designs of many large-scale systems today, from traffic routing environments to smart grids, rely on game-theoretic equilibrium concepts. However, as the size of an $N$-player game typically grows exponentially with $N$, standard game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Paul Muller , Romuald Elie , Mark Rowland , Mathieu Lauriere , Julien Perolat , Sarah Perrin , Matthieu Geist , Georgios Piliouras , Olivier Pietquin , Karl Tuyls

Mean-field games (MFGs) have shown strong modeling capabilities for large systems in various fields, driving growth in computational methods for mean-field game problems. However, high order methods have not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Guosheng Fu , Siting Liu , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li

In this article, we propose two numerical methods, the Gaussian Process (GP) method and the Fourier Features (FF) algorithm, to solve mean field games (MFGs). The GP algorithm approximates the solution of a MFG with maximum a posteriori…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Chenchen Mou , Xianjin Yang , Chao Zhou

Diagonal linear networks (DLNs) are a tractable model that captures several nontrivial behaviors in neural network training, such as initialization-dependent solutions and incremental learning. These phenomena are typically studied in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-16 Sota Nishiyama , Masaaki Imaizumi

In this work, we study the contraction conditions of iterative algorithms for stationary and finite-horizon discrete-time regularized mean-field games (MFGs) with multiple populations, where each population only interacts with the state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Uğur Aydın , Tamer Başar

Mean Field Games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for studying large-scale multi-agent systems. Yet, learning Nash equilibria in MFGs remains a challenging problem, particularly when the initial distribution is unknown or when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zida Wu , Mathieu Lauriere , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Ankur Mehta

This paper studies the convergence of mean field games with finite state space to mean field games with a continuous state space. We examine a space discretization of a diffusive dynamics, which is reminiscent of the Markov chain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Charles Bertucci , Alekos Cecchin

Deep generative models based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive sample quality but in order to work they require a careful choice of architecture, parameter initialization, and selection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Kevin Roth , Aurelien Lucchi , Sebastian Nowozin , Thomas Hofmann

We present APAC-Net, an alternating population and agent control neural network for solving stochastic mean field games (MFGs). Our algorithm is geared toward high-dimensional instances of MFGs that are beyond reach with existing solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Alex Tong Lin , Samy Wu Fung , Wuchen Li , Levon Nurbekyan , Stanley J. Osher

We use the Markov chain approximation method to construct approximations for the solution of the mean field game (MFG) with reflecting barriers studied in Bayraktar, Budhiraja, and Cohen (2017). The MFG is formulated in terms of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Erhan Bayraktar , Amarjit Budhiraja , Asaf Cohen

We consider the mean-field game price formation model introduced by Gomes and Sa\'ude. In this MFG model, agents trade a commodity whose supply can be deterministic or stochastic. Agents maximize profit, taking into account current and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Yuri Ashrafyan , Tigran Bakaryan , Diogo Gomes , Julian Gutierrez

Modeling real-world distributions can often be challenging due to sample data that are subjected to perturbations, e.g., instrumentation errors, or added random noise. Since flow models are typically nonlinear algorithms, they amplify these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sameera Ramasinghe , Kasun Fernando , Salman Khan , Nick Barnes

Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact likelihood evaluation. While these models have already found various applications in particle physics, normalizing flows are not flexible enough to model many of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Rob Verheyen