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This paper investigates the control of a massive population of UAVs such as drones. The straightforward method of control of UAVs by considering the interactions among them to make a flock requires a huge inter-UAV communication which is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Hamid Shiri , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis

The mean field algorithm is a widely used approximate inference algorithm for graphical models whose exact inference is intractable. In each iteration of mean field, the approximate marginals for each variable are updated by getting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-23 Yujia Li , Richard Zemel

In this paper, we use mean field games (MFGs) to investigate approximations of $N$-player games with uniformly symmetrically continuous heterogeneous closed-loop actions. To incorporate agents' risk aversion (beyond the classical expected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Ziteng Cheng , Sebastian Jaimungal

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a class of generative models distinguished by a mathematically invertible architecture, where the forward pass transforms data into a latent space for density estimation, and the reverse pass generates new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yang Chen , Xiaowei Xu , Shuai Wang , Chenhui Zhu , Ruxue Wen , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Limin Wang

In this article we consider finite Mean Field Games (MFGs), i.e. with finite time and finite states. We adopt the framework introduced in Gomes Mohr and Souza in 2010, and study two seemly unexplored subjects. In the first one, we analyze…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-16 Saeed Hadikhanloo , Francisco José Silva

Mean Field Control Games (MFCGs) provide a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing systems of infinitely many interacting agents, blending elements from Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Mean Field Control (MFC). However, solving the coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nianli Peng , Yilin Wang

Machine learning algorithms relying on deep neural networks recently allowed a great leap forward in artificial intelligence. Despite the popularity of their applications, the efficiency of these algorithms remains largely unexplained from…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-03-24 Marylou Gabrié

Here, we consider numerical methods for stationary mean-field games (MFG) and investigate two classes of algorithms. The first one is a gradient-flow method based on the variational characterization of certain MFG. The second one uses…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-23 Noha Almulla , Rita Ferreira , Diogo Gomes

This paper introduces a framework of Constrained Mean-Field Games (CMFGs), where each agent solves a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). This formulation captures scenarios in which agents' strategies are subject to feasibility,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Anran Hu , Zijiu Lyu

Mean Field Games (MFGs) provide a powerful framework for modeling the collective behavior of large populations of interacting agents. In this paper, we address the problem of Imitation Learning (IL) in MFGs subject to common noise, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Grégoire Lambrecht , Mathieu Laurière

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have enjoyed tremendous success in image generation and processing, and have recently attracted growing interests in financial modelings. This paper analyzes GANs from the perspectives of mean-field…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoyang Cao , Xin Guo , Mathieu Laurière

Mean field Game (MFG) Partial Differential Inclusions (PDI) are generalizations of the system of Partial Differential Equations (PDE) of Lasry and Lions to situations where players in the game may have possibly nonunique optimal controls,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Yohance A. P. Osborne , Iain Smears

Neural network-based methods are effective for solving equilibria in Mean-Field Games (MFGs), particularly in high-dimensional settings. However, solving the coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) in MFGs limits their applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jinwei Liu , Wang Yao , Xiao Zhang

This paper extends the theoretical framework introduced in Liquidity Pools as Mean Field Games: A New Framework, where the interactions among traders in a constant product market-making protocol were modeled using mean field games (MFG). In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Agustín Muñoz González

In this paper, we study the fundamental statistical efficiency of Reinforcement Learning in Mean-Field Control (MFC) and Mean-Field Game (MFG) with general model-based function approximation. We introduce a new concept called Mean-Field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Huang , Batuhan Yardim , Niao He

Mean field type games (MFTGs) describe Nash equilibria between large coalitions: each coalition consists of a continuum of cooperative agents who maximize the average reward of their coalition while interacting non-cooperatively with a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kai Shao , Jiacheng Shen , Mathieu Laurière

In this work, we present an application of the probabilistic weak formulation of mean field games (MFG) for modeling liquidity pools in a constant product automated market maker (AMM) protocol in the context of decentralized finance. Our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Agustín Muñoz González , Juan I. Sequeira , Rafael Orive Illera

We propose a single-level numerical approach to solve Stackelberg mean field game (MFG) problems. In Stackelberg MFG, an infinite population of agents play a non-cooperative game and choose their controls to optimize their individual…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) and normalizing flows are both approaches to density estimation that use deep neural networks to transform samples from an uninformative prior distribution to an approximation of the data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Tianci Liu , Jeffrey Regier

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are likelihood-based models for continuous inputs. They have demonstrated promising results on both density estimation and generative modeling tasks, but have received relatively little attention in recent years. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuangfei Zhai , Ruixiang Zhang , Preetum Nakkiran , David Berthelot , Jiatao Gu , Huangjie Zheng , Tianrong Chen , Miguel Angel Bautista , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind